*1047 There are many reports that identify an alleged detention facility in Breza, including: Report on Human Rights by Special Rapporteur, Tadeusz Mazowiecki (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12460, 35818; Helsinki Watch, Letter to the Commission of Experts, IHRLI Doc. No. 32291; United Nations Commission of Experts Letter from Julio Baez, 21 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 16822; Comite International Geneve ICRC, IHRLI Doc. No. 23243; «Update on ICRC Activities in the Former Yugoslavia», IHRLI Doc. No. 17843; ICRC Camp List from Philippe Miserez, 19 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 16829; ICRC Report by Cornelio Sommaruga, 3 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 12726.
*1048 According to the reports, the witness identified her captors as 10 men wearing fatigues with lilies on their caps.
*1049 Serbian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 11745-11845, at 11806-11807.
*1050 Inter-Agency Group of the Government of the Republic of Yugoslavia, Testimony regarding Violations of the Human Rights of Women, Including Violence Against Them and Rape as a New Type of War Crime in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 22197-22210, 22209-22210; Serbian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 11745-11845, at 11806-11807.
*1051 Inter-Agency Group of the Government of the Republic of Yugoslavia, Testimony regarding Violations of the Human Rights of Women, Including Violence Against Them and Rape as a New Type of War Crime in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 22197-22210, at 22209-22210; Serbian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 11745-11845, at 11806-11807.
*1052 Inter-Agency Group of the Government of the Republic of Yugoslavia, Testimony regarding Violations of the Human Rights of Women, Including Violence Against Them and Rape as a New Type of War Crime in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 22197-22210, at 22209-22210; Serbian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 11745-11845, at 11806-11807.
*1053 Serbian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 11745-11845, at 11806-11807.
*1054 Inter-Agency Group of the Government of the Republic of Yugoslavia, Testimony regarding Violations of the Human Rights of Women, Including Violence Against Them and Rape as a New Type of War Crime in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 22197-22210, at 22209-22210; Serbian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 11745-11845, at 11806-11807. See also UN Security Council, Letter dated 18 December 1992 from the Charge d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent mission of Yugoslavia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, IHRLI Doc. No. 48328-48340.
*1055 Inter-Agency Group of the Government of the Republic of Yugoslavia, Testimony regarding Violations of the Human Rights of Women, Including Violence Against Them and Rape as a New Type of War Crime in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 22197-22210, at 22209-22210; Serbian Submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 11745-11845, at 11806-11807. See also UN Security Council, Letter dated 18 December 1992 from the Charge d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent mission of Yugoslavia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, IHRLI Doc. No. 48328-48340.
*1056 Republic of Serbia Presidency, Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 11739-11744, at 11744.
*1057 Id.
*1058 Id.
*1059 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited by the ICRC in Former Yugoslavia», 25 June 1991-4 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 64438.
*1060 Id.
*1061 Id.
*1062 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57212.
*1063 Croatian Mission, Submission to the President of the Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/26454 (16 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 42824.
*1064 Croatian Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin No.5, 6 September 1993.
*1065 IHRLI Doc. No. 48037.
*1066 ECMM, Humanitarian Activity Report No. 31/93, 1-8 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32754.
*1067 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (10 November 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 2200; Bordellos of Screams: Confessions by the Women Raped in Moslem and Croatian Prisons IHRLI Doc. No. 7063. The 1st Krajina Corps in Banja Luka reported that Serbian women were held in brothels in Bugojno, but did not provide the locations of those brothels. Official Memo From Sredjan Sehovac Serbian Republic Ministry of Internal Affairs, National Security Service War Department Ilidza, Tanjug Press Agency 13 January 1992, No. 810/92, 5 October 1992.
*1068 Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Commission of Experts (10 November 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 2200; Bordellos of Screams: Confessions by the Women Raped in Moslem and Croatian Prisons IHRLI Doc. No. 7063; Yugoslav Mission, Submission to the United Nations Secretary-General, U.N. Doc. S/25506 (1 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18262-18264.
*1069 Inter-agency Group of FRY Report on Violations of the Human Rights of Women, Vioaltions of the Human Rights of Women Including Violence Against Them and Rape as a New Type of War Crime in BiH, IHRLI Doc. No. 22227.
*1070 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57213.
*1071 Id.
*1072 Id.
*1073 Id.
*1074 It is unclear from the report whether the stadium referred to by this source is the same as the Iskra Stadium. Without more, it is here assumed that all reports of a stadium are referencing the detention facility at the Iskra Stadium. ECMM, «Executive Report Summary of Humanitarian Activity No. 38», 19-25 September 1993.
*1075 Internal Document, «Weekly Information on Former Yugoslavia», 16-23 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34561.
*1076 Official UN Source, Internal Document, Weekly Information on Former Yugoslavia 16-23 August 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 34561-34569, at 34561.
*1077 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited By ICRC in Former Yugoslavia», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64438.
*1078 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57213.
*1079 ECMM, «Executive Summary Report No. 32», IHRLI Doc. No. 34588.
*1080 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 57213.
*1081 Croatian Mission, Submission to the President of the Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/26454 (16 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 42824.
*1082 Open Letter From Dragomir Djokic, Yugoslav Ambassador, U.N. Doc. S/24991, 18 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48348; Bordellos of Screams: Confessions By The Women Raped in Muslim and Croatian Prisons, IHRLI Doc. No. 7087, 48571, 48574 (stating that approximately 150 Serbs were held there); Open Letter From Yugoslav Ambassador Dragomir Djokic to Frits Kalshoven, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48420.
*1083 Open Letter from Professor Biljana Plavsic, Member of Presidency, 27 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 18675.
*1084 Open Letter from Professor Biljana Plavsic, Member of Presidency, 27 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 18671, 18673; Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in BiH, Draft Report (September 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 49417, 49420, 48569; Open Letter From Yugoslav Ambassador Dragomir Djokic to Frits Kalshoven, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48418; Open Letter From Yugoslav Ambassador Dragomir Djokic to Frits Kalshoven, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48420.
*1085 Open Letter from Professor Biljana Plavsic, Member of Presidency, 27 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 18675; Open Letter From Dragomir Djokic, Yugoslav Ambassador, U.N. Doc. No. S/24991 (18 December 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 48348; Bordellos of Screams: Confessions By The Women Raped in Muslim and Croatian Prisons, IHRLI Doc. No. 7087.
*1086 Open Letter from Professor Biljana Plavsic, Member of Presidency, 27 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. 18671, 18673.
*1087 Open Letter From Yugoslav Ambassador Dragomir Djokic to Frits Kalshoven 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48418; Open Letter From Aleksa Buha, Minister of Foreign Affairs to Republic Srpska Assembly, Presidency Government, Sarajevo, 1 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11530.
*1088 ICRC, «Former Yugoslavia: Places of Detention and Number of Detainees visited by the ICRC», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, 64438.
*1089 IHRLI Doc. No. 48571; Open Letter From Yugoslav Ambassador Dragomir Djokic to Frits Kalshoven, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48420.
*1090 IHRLI Doc. No. 48571.
*1091 According to the Director of the Kaonik prison, there are no other, smaller prisons in Busovaca. This is in contrast to Zenica, where the main prison is supplemented by other detention centres.
*1092 There is apparently some disagreement as to who is responsible for this facility. The Director of the prison is critical of the HVO and it is stressed that the prison is run by the HVO and not local police officials. ECMM, Report on Inter- ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca, and Zenica - April 1993 (17 May 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29096.
*1093 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29106-29110.
*1094 Again, the Director of the prison does not claim to be responsible for the actions of the HVO, whom he accuses of being unprofessional. The Director claims to be under the orders of brigade commanders in Busovaca and Vitez. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29106-29110, 29107.
*1095 A list of the 79 Muslim prisoners is attached to the report. On 16 April 1993 there were 107 Muslim prisoners, and on 6 and 9 May 1993 there were 109 Muslim prisoners. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29106, 29111-29112.
*1096 ECMM, «Humanitarian Activity--Report 25/93», (14-20 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29695-29696.
*1097 ECMM, Report on Inter-ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica-April 1993 (17 May 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29107. Prison officials do not keep records of which prisoners are civilians. In addition to civilian and military prisoners (for which the prison has a capacity of about 80), approximately 40 actual criminals are jailed here.
*1098 The voluntariness or verity of these statements is disputed by the ECMM. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29110.
*1099 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29108-29109.
*1100 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29107.
*1101 Republic of BiH, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Internal Doc. No. 1272/92, 12 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 27759; Azra Smajovic, Rape as a War Crime Against Civil Population, (Commission for Collecting Facts on War Crimes Committed in the Territory of Bosnia-Hercegovina, 29 December 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13131; BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin No. 3 (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29854, 13469.
*1102 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council, (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23464.
*1103 Id.; see also BiH, Government Information Bureau, «Daily Report on Aggression and Terrorism Against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina», No. 106, 8 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 29286.
*1104 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23464.
*1105 Republic of BiH, Government Information Bureau, «Daily Report on Aggression and Terrorism Against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 106», 8 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 29286.
*1106 Id.
*1107 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23464.
*1108 Id.
*1109 Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (3 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5818.
*1110 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29403.
*1111 Id.
*1112 Id.
*1113 Id.
*1114 Id.
*1115 Id.
*1116 Id.
*1117 Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (3 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5818; United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23464.
*1118 Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (3 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5818.
*1119 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23464.
*1120 Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (3 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5818.
*1121 Id.
*1122 Id.; See also United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (16 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23464.
*1123 Austrian Mission, Submission to the United Nations Security Council (3 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5818.
*1124 Id.
*1125 Id.
*1126 Id.
*1127 Id.
*1128 Republic of Croatia & Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ethnic Map, The Miroslav Krleza Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb, Croatia, 1991 census data.
*1129 ICRC, «Agreement on the Release and Transfer of Prisoners , Annex 1, List of Places of Dentention According to Information Given by Detaining Parties on 1 October 1992», IHRLI Doc. No. 4390.
*1130 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fourth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (6 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 38282
*1131 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944.
*1132 Id.
*1133 Id.
*1134 Id.; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fourth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (6 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 35734.
*1135 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944.
*1136 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fourth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (6 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 35734.
*1137 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fourth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (6 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 35735.
*1138 Id.
*1139 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944.
*1140 Id.
*1141 Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fourth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (6 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 38282
*1142 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34565; Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaires to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124; Letter from Serbian Republic to Serbs All Over the World, 27 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5485.
*1143 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34565.
*1144 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033; Letter From Serbian Republic to Serbs All Over the World, 27 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39327A; Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Fourth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia (6 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 38282
*1145 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944.
*1146 Serbian Submission, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5049-5053; Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944; Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567; Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124.
*1147 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033; Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124); Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to the Commission of Experts, 18 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 22198.
*1148 Letter from Yugoslavian Permanent Representative to the United Nations to United Nations to Assistant Secretary- General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12633- 12635.
*1149 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34565.
*1150 Letter from Yugoslavian Permanent Representative to the United Nations to United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12633-12635.
*1151 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34565.
*1152 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033.
*1153 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 38312.
*1154 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 18971.
*1155 Id.
*1156 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64216, 64225.
*1157 Letter from Danielle Sremac to Mazowiecki, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11332-11334.
*1158 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64216.
*1159 Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567; Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaires to Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64216.
*1160 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033; Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124.
*1161 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033; Letter From Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124.
*1162 Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121- 3124; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64216
*1163 Letter from Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121- 3124.
*1164 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033; Letter From Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124.
*1165 Letter from Yugoslavian Permanent Representative to the United Nations to United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12633-12635.
*1166 Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567; Letter From Yugoslavian Charge d'Affaire to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3121-3124.
*1167 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033.
*1168 Letter from Yugoslavian Permanent Representative to the United Nations to United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12633-12635.
*1169 Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64215
*1170 Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567.
*1171 Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge D'Affaires to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3123; Letter from Danielle Sremac to Mazowiecki, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11332-11334; Letter from Yugoslavian Permanent Representative to the United Nations to United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993 IHRLI Doc. No. 12633-12635; Association of Serbs from Bosnia-Herzegovina, April-July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 10349; Bosnia-Herzegovina: Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 5522; Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944; Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567.
*1172 Serbian Submission to the United Nations, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033; Letter From Danielle Sremac to Mazowiecki, 6 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 11332 to 11334; Letter from Yugoslavian Representative to the United Nations to the Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12636; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64164.
*1173 Serbian Submission, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5033.
*1174 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34329.
*1175 Letter from Yugoslavian Permanent Representative to the United Nations to United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12633-12635.
*1176 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 38313.
*1177 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944.
*1178 Id.
*1179 Id.
*1180 Mazowiecki Report, 17 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 49361.
*1181 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944.
*1182 Letter to Mazowiecki, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11332-11334.
*1183 Helsinki Watch, Abuses Continue in the Former Yugoslavia: Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume 5, Issue 11, July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35944.
*1184 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64164.
*1185 Letter from Serbian Republic to Serbs All Over the World, 27 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5485.
*1186 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Third Report, 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64216.
*1187 Letter from Danielle Sremac to Mazowiecki, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11332-11334; Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaire to Untied Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567.
*1188 Letter from Danielle Sremac to Mazowiecki, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11332-11334.
*1189 Letter from Yugoslavian Permanent Representative to the United Nations to United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, 29 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12633-12635; Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28567; Letter from Danielle Sremac to Mazowiecki, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11332-11334.
*1190 Association of Serbs from Bosnia-Herzegovina, April- July, 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 10348.
*1191 Association of Serbs from Bosnia-Herzegovina, April- July, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 10349.
*1192 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 10348.
*1193 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 10349.
*1194 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 10348.
*1195 Serbian Council Information Centre, 15 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 14214-14215.
*1196 According to an ICRC report, a visit was made by ICRC representatives to a detention facility existing in Caplina [sic] on 22 November 1993. This detention facility was reportedly established in a refugee camp. Assuming the ICRC report is in fact referring to this facility, no additional information was provided to confirm numbers of detainees in residence at this location. ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited By ICRC in Former Yugoslavia», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64438.
*1197 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34329, 34554.
*1198 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34329, 34554.
*1199 The ICRC report spelled or misspelled this municipality as «Caplina».
*1200 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited By ICRC in Former Yugoslavia», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64438.
*1201 ICRC, «ICRC Information to the Press: Release of Prisoners, the Process Goes On», 3 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 23368.
*1202 ECMM, «Humanitarian Activity, 29 October-8 November 1992», IHRLI Doc. No. 63863.
*1203 ICRC, «Number of Detainees visited by the ICRC during the last six weeks in Bosnia-Herzegovina», 28 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29991.
*1204 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited By ICRC in Former Yugoslavia», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64438.
*1205 Id.
*1206 US Department of State, Unclassified Documents No. 94- 1 thru 94-276, Doc. No. 94-234-5, IHRLI Doc. No. 56320-57229, at 57097.
*1207 Id.
*1208 Id.
*1209 In one incident which occurred on 14 August 1992, an entire family ventured out of their home to get drinking water and was shot down in front of the family's home. See Yugoslav Mission, «Life and Death Under Occupation: Documents Received by the Mission from the Occupied Territories of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina», 4 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 48847- 48919, at 48890.
*1210 Letter and Attached Documents from HQ ECMM HUM Section, To UN Committee for Human Rights Re: Possible Violations Of Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 40911-40923, at 40912.
*1211 US Deparment of State, Unclassified Documents No. 94- 1 thru 94-276, Doc. No. 94-234-5, IHRLI Doc. No. 56320-57229, at 57094.
*1212 Yugoslav Mission, «Life and Death Under Occupation: Documents Received by the Mission from the Occupied Territories of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina», 4 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 48847-48919, at 48890.
*1213 US Department of State, Unclassified Documents No. 94- 1 thru 94-276, Doc. No. 94-234-5, IHRLI Doc. No. 56320-57229, at 57094.
*1214 Letter and Attached Documents from HQ ECMM HUM Section, To UN Committee for Human Rights Re: Possible Violations Of Human Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 40911-40923, at Doc. No. 40912.
*1215 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40912-40913.
*1216 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40912.
*1217 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 40912-40913.
*1218 US Department of State, Unclassified Documents No. 94- 1 thru 94-276, Doc. No. 94-234-5, IHRLI Doc. No. 56320-57229, at 57094.
*1219 Id.
*1220 Id.
*1221 Id.
*1222 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 57095.
*1223 Id.
*1224 Id.
*1225 Id.
*1226 United Nations Security Council, Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations and Reports of Special Rapporteurs and Representatives: The Situation of human rights in the territory of the former Yugoslavia (3 September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 159-177, at 163.
*1227 Id.
*1228 Id.
*1229 Id.
*1230 US Department of State, Unclassified Documents No. 94- 1 thru 94-276, Doc. No. 94-234-5, IHRLI Doc. No. 56320-57229, at 57095.
*1231 Id.
*1232 Id.
*1233 Id.
*1234 Id.
*1235 Id., at IHRLI Doc. No. 57097.
*1236 Id.
*1237 Id.
*1238 Yugoslav Mission, «Life and Death Under Occupation: Documents Received by the Mission from the Occupied Territories of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina», 4 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 48847-48919, at 48918.
*1239 Reportedly the water was freezing. Air temperature was around zero degrees celsius. Id.
*1240 Id.
*1241 European Community Monitoring Mission, «Humanitarian Activity Report No. 37», 12-18 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 38332-38359, at 38343.
*1242 The year was not provided.
*1243 European Community Monitoring Mission, «Humanitarian Activity Report No. 37», 12-18 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 38332-38359, at 38344. A finding of no war prisoners at this location on this date, is, unfortunately, not dispositive as to the existence of a concentration camp. It has been suggested in other locations that the continued existence of such facilities is directly related to the likelihood of inspection of these facilities by international or humanitarian agencies. See camp Kozile in the section on Bosanski Petrovac.
*1244 Year was not provided.
*1245 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 38300-38330 at Doc. No. 38329.
*1246 Id.
*1247 Letter and attached report dated 14 September 1993 from the permanent representative of Croatia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council, Serbian War Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ethnic Cleansing of Croats from Northern Bosnia and North-Western Bosnia (5 September 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 42820-42867, at 42865.
*1248 Id.
*1249 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 42865-42866.
*1250 Id.
*1251 Id, IHRLI Doc. No. 42867.
*1252 Id.
*1253 «Daily Report Regarding the Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, No. 57», 20 June 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 30277-30280, at 30280.
*1254 Committee on Foreign Relations, 102nd Congress, 2nd Session, «The Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina: A Staff Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36110-36125, at 36121.
*1255 Id.
*1256 Id.
*1257 Id.
*1258 Id.
*1259 Id.
*1260 Id.
*1261 Id.
*1262 European Community Monitoring Mission, «Humanitarian Activity Report No. 30/93», 25-31 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32737- 32746, at 32746.
*1263 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (21 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23465.
*1264 Denmark Mission, Submission to the United Nations (21 July 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29744-29746.
*1265 Id.
*1266 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II n.51 (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9342.
*1267 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 724- 725.
*1268 Id.
*1269 Id.
*1270 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II n.51 (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9342; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 724-725.
*1271 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II n.51 (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9342; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 724-725.
*1272 A number of the former detainees of Trnopolje had previously been interned at Omarska. Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121.
*1273 UN Economic and Social Council, U.N. Doc. E/CN4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12465-12466.
*1274 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121-36123.
*1275 UN Economic and Social Council, U.N. Doc. E/CN4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12465-12466.
*1276 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121-36123.
*1277 UN Economic and Social Council, U.N. Doc. E/CN4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12465-12466.
*1278 UN Economic and Social Council, U.N. Doc. E/CN4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12465-12466.
*1279 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121-36123.
*1280 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II, (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9515-9519.
*1281 «Rape After Rape After Rape», New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. No. 35582-35584. According to one account, the people of 18 villages around Bosanski Novi were expelled from their homes. The men were taken to the Bosanski Novi Stadium and the women and children were detained in Doboj. Bosnia-Hercegovina Testimonies, Batch 1, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32011.
*1282 «Rape After Rape After Rape», New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. No. 35582-35584
*1283 United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11901. At least one account estimates that over 1,000 women were detained at the school. Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913. Approximately 2,000 women were interned at the school. Interview Notes, 9 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39242A- 39243A.
*1284 Interview Notes, 13 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39240.
*1285 Id.
*1286 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 39242A.
*1287 Id.
*1288 Id.
*1289 Id.
*1290 Id.
*1291 Id.
*1292 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9509. This witness is the same person giving the same account in Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape» The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913.
*1293 Rape After Rape After Rape, New York Times, 13 Deceember, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. No. 35582-35584.
*1294 Id.
*1295 Id.
*1296 Id.
*1297 Id.
*1298 Id.
*1299 The New York Review, Bosnia-Questions of Rape, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 019913.
*1300 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9508.
*1301 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 9508-9509.
*1302 Id.
*1303 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 9509-9510.
*1304 Interview Notes, 9 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. 39242A- 39243A.
*1305 Id.
*1306 Id.
*1307 Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913.
*1308 Interview Notes, 9 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. 39242A- 39243A.
*1309 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9509-9510; Interview Notes, 9 November 1993, IHRLI Doc. 39242A-39243A.
*1310 United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11901.
*1311 Id.
*1312 Id.
*1313 Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913.
*1314 Rape After Rape After Rape, New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. No. 35582-35584. At least one account identifies a Serbian police officer in charge of the camp, as forcing men to commit rape. Helsinki Watch, IHRLI Doc. No. 29377-29378.
*1315 Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913.
*1316 Rape After Rape After Rape, New York Times, 13 December 1992, §4, at 17, IHRLI Doc. No. 35582-35584.
*1317 Id.
*1318 Jeri Laber, «Bosnia: Questions About Rape», The New York Review of Books, 25 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19913.
*1319 Id.
*1320 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11392-11393; United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11904-11905.
*1321 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11392-11393; United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11904-11905.
*1322 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11392-11393; United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11904-11905.
*1323 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11392-11393; United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11904-11905.
*1324 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11392-11393; United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11904-11905.
*1325 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11392-11393; United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11904-11905.
*1326 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121.
*1327 Id.
*1328 Id.
*1329 Id.
*1330 Id.
*1331 Id.
*1332 Id.
*1333 Id.
*1334 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 728- 729.
*1335 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121.
*1336 Id.
*1337 Id.
*1338 Id.
*1339 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (21 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23447-23449.
*1340 Id.
*1341 Id.
*1342 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 728- 729; Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121.
*1343 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121.
*1344 United States Mission, Eighth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (21 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 23447-23449; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34349.
*1345 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121; Account, IHRLI Doc. No. 56897-56898.
*1346 CERN, December 1992, IHRLI Doc. 5991; Society for Treatened Peoples, Ethnic Cleansing Genocide for Greater Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 14422, 14482; Account, IHRLI Doc. No. 56897-57898.
*1347 BiH, State Commission For Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin (February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13312; Society for Treatened Peoples, Ethnic Cleansing Genocide for Greater Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 14422, 14482. At least one detainee was held in this location from July-August 1992 where he was then transferred to detention facility in a disco bar in Vila. An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23690-23691.
*1348 BiH State Commission For Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin (February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13312; Society for Treatened Peoples, Ethnic Cleansing Genocide for Greater Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 14422, 14482.
*1349 BiH State Commission For Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin (February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13312; Society for Treatened Peoples, Ethnic Cleansing Genocide for Greater Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 14422, 14482.
*1350 BiH State Commission For Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin (February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 13312; Society for Treatened Peoples, Ethnic Cleansing Genocide for Greater Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 14422, 14482.
*1351 Interview Notes, 13 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39240A.
*1352 Id.
*1353 Id.
*1354 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23690-23691 (stating that the detainee giving the account was arrested and held here from May to July, 1992).
*1355 Canadian Mission, Submission to the United Nations, 30 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 26661-26662.
*1356 Id.
*1357 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23690-23691. About 60 per cent of the prisoners were treated in this manner. Canadian Mission, Submission to the United Nations, 30 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 26661-26662.
*1358 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23690-23691.
*1359 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121; Account, 26 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48152.
*1360 Staff Report to the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, «Ethnic Cleansing of Bosnia-Hercegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 36121.
*1361 Id.
*1362 Id.
*1363 Id.
*1364 Id.
*1365 Id.
*1366 US Department of State, Declassified Materials, 10 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 56398, 56401.
*1367 Id.
*1368 Id.
*1369 Id.
*1370 Id.
*1371 Id.; «Serbian War Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ethnic Cleansing of Croats From Northern Bosnia and North-western Bosnia», 5 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36699, 36709.
*1372 US Department of State, Declassified Documents, 10 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 56398, 56401.
*1373 «Serbian War Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ethnic Cleansing of Croats From Northern Bosnia and North-western Bosnia», 5 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36699, 36709.
*1374 Id.
*1375 Canadian Mission, Second Submission to the United Nations (29 June 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 26654, 26662.
*1376 «Serbian War Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ethnic Cleansing of Croats From Northern Bosnia and North-western Bosnia», 5 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36699, 36709; Muharem Omerdic, Muslims in Concentration Camps, 29 June 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4313-4318.
*1377 Muharem Omerdic, Muslims In Concentration Camps, 29 June 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4313-4318.
*1378 Id.
*1379 US Committee for Refugees, Testimonies, 11 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21595, 21618.
*1380 Chris Doebbler, Summaries of Testimonies, 3 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4255-4256.
*1381 Id.
*1382 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited By ICRC in Former Yugoslavia», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64438.
*1383 US State Department Documents, Declassified Documents, IHRLI Doc. No. 56471.
*1384 Id.
*1385 Id.
*1386 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56472.
*1387 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56471.
*1388 Id.
*1389 Id.
*1390 Id.
*1391 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56764.
*1392 Id.; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183.
*1393 US State Department, Declassified Documents, IHRLI Doc. No. 56764.
*1394 «Temoinages, Documents et Rapports Emanant Du Centre d'Investigation Pour Crimes de Guerre et Crime de Genocide sur Les Musulmans» IHRLI Doc. No. 22330; World Campaign -«Save Humanity», Report on War Destructions, Violations of Human Rights and Crimes Against Humanity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, October 1992, IHRLI 52136; «Deuxieme Liste Realise en Aout 1992 des Camp de Concentration et Lieux d'Internment de la Republique Serbe de Bosnie Hercegovine et Publiee en Octobre 1992 par la Commission d'Etat pour les Enquetes sur Crises de Guerre de BiH», Media Press Sarajevo Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 22336; «Open Letter From Muhamed Sacirbey, Permanent Representative of BiH to the United Nations to President of the Security Council», U.N. Doc. S/24857 (26 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 48674; BiH State Commission For Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin No. 1 (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 48674; Letter from Anne Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs Zagreb to Georg Markhof, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 5495; Letter from Julio A. Baez to Cherif Bassiouni, Commission Member, 21 May 1993 IHRLI Doc. No. 16822.
*1395 US State Department, Declassified Documents, IHRLI Doc. No. 56764.
*1396 Id.
*1397 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56764-56765.
*1398 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56765.
*1399 Physician's Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 39484; «Appeal for Protection of Endangered Women and Children in Bosnia and Herzegovina», 30 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49046.
*1400 Physician's Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 39484.
*1401 «Temoinages, Documents et Rapports Emanant Du Centre d'Investigation Pour Crimes de Guerre et Crime de Genocide sur Les Musulmans» IHRLI Doc. No. 22330; World Campaign -«Save Humanity», Report on War Destructions, Violations of Human Rights and Crimes Against Humanity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, October 1992, IHRLI 52136; «Deuxieme Liste Realise en Aout 1992 des Camp de Concentration et Lieux d'Internment de la Republique Serbe de Bosnie Hercegovine et Publiee en Octobre 1992 par la Commission d'Etat pour les Enquetes sur Crises de Guerre de BiH», Media Press Sarajevo Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 22336; «Open Letter From Muhamed Sacirbey, Permanent Representative of BiH to the United Nations to President of the Security Council», U.N. Doc. S/24857 (26 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 48674; BiH State Commission For Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin No. 1 (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 48674; Letter from Anne Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs Zagreb to Georg Markhof, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 5495; Letter from Julio A. Baez to Cherif Bassiouni, Commission Member, 21 May 1993 IHRLI Doc. No. 16822.
*1402 Republic of Croatia & Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ethnic Map, The Miroslav Krleza Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb, Croatia, 1991 census data, available at the International Human Rights Law Institute.
*1403 Roy Gutman, Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 16904.
*1404 Id. Additionally, Sarajevo Radio-Bosnia-Herzegovina Network reported that the Republic of BiH Ministry of Internal Affairs was privy to a conversation between Radovan Karadzic and other high ranking Bosnian Serb officials about responsibility for war crimes in which Karadzic declared that three identified individuals would have to be held out as responsible for the events in Foca, IHRLI Doc. No. 19891-19894; see also, US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56595, 56598.
*1405 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56775-56780; Roy Gutman, Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 16904.
*1406 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56520, 62782.
*1407 Id.
*1408 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 62782.
*1409 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 62782-62783.
*1410 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 57040, corroborative of list provided at US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56448, 56449; United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council, IHRLI Doc. No. 11912, 11914.
*1411 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56775-56780.
*1412 United States Mission, Sixth Submission to the United Nations Security Council (9 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18359, 18386.
*1413 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56775-56780.
*1414 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56781-56788, the description of KP Dom, its procedures and history is provided in large part by the information collected by the State Department from a 54 year-old Bosnian Muslim businessman from Sarajevo who was detained by mobilized Bosnian Serbs in Foca where he had extensive contacts in the community. He was put under house arrest from 8 April to 19 May 1992 and held in the prison from 19 May to 13 October 1992. British Defence Debriefing Team (DDT) «Special Report on Foca Camp», 25 March 1994, attached to letter dated 7 April 1994 reports Foca men's prison being used as a Serb prison for Muslims.
*1415 Zdravko Grebo, Report, 19 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5500.
*1416 Apparently cats inadvertently triggered a number of the mines at some point during the year. This caused a startling explosion, prompting the above explanation by the guards to the prisoners. US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 62778.
*1417 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56781, 56783.
*1418 Id.
*1419 Reports Obtained During Commission Mission to the Former Yugoslavia-April, 1993, Professor M. Cherif Bassiouni, Rapporteur on Data Gathering and Analysis, United Nations Commission of Experts, IHRLI Doc. No. 15906; US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56781-56784.
*1420 ICRC Activities Report, IHRLI Doc. No. 23239.
*1421 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56781, 56784; see also, Bosnia Action Committee, Women's Section, IHRLI Doc. No. 9763.
*1422 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9279, 9531-9533.
*1423 Id.
*1424 Id.
*1425 Id.
*1426 Id.
*1427 Id.
*1428 Id.
*1429 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 9534-9535.
*1430 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 62778. Another source declares that many Muslims were murdered daily at the Foca House of Correction, Bosnia Action Committee, Women's Section, IHRLI Doc. No. 9763.
*1431 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 62778, 62781.
*1432 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 62778.
*1433 United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11912, 11927.
*1434 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 11912, 11928.
*1435 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 62778-62779.
*1436 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 62780, 56525-56527, 56782-56784; International Society for Human Rights, British Section, IHRLI Doc. No. 9255, 9260; BH Testimonies/E 1992-2, IHRLI Doc. No. 30252.
*1437 International Society for Human Rights, British Section, 10 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 9255, 9260.
*1438 Allegations to the attention of Professor Frits Kalshoven, Geneva, 5 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 4907.
*1439 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 62835-62837, 56448-56450.
*1440 Id. Although the individual reports this as a former juvenile correctional facility it seems that it is probably the KP Dom as described above.
*1441 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 62780.
*1442 US Department of State, witness statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 57194.
*1443 Fax from BBC Breakfast News to the Commission of Experts, 27 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39139, 39143-39144, 39147-39150.
*1444 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12940, 12941.
*1445 Id.
*1446 National Organization for Victim Assistance, «Recommendations for Assistance to Victims of Trauma in the Former Yugoslavia», IHRLI Doc. No. 9114, 9163; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12940, 12941.
*1447 National Organization for Victim Assistance, «Recommendations for Assistance to Victims of Trauma in the Former Yugoslavia», IHRLI Doc. No. 9114, 9163; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12940, 12941.
*1448 Republic of Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Testimony SIL-420, IHRLI Doc. No. 39574A- 39575A.
*1449 Testimony of [witness], «Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Facts on the Effects (Excerpts)», 7 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29887, 29910-29911.
*1450 Id.
*1451 Statement of Witness, 29 July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33197-33198.
*1452 Witness Statement, 18 July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33265- 33266.
*1453 United States Mission, Seventh Submission to the United Nations Security Council (13 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18225, 18243-18244.
*1454 Id.
*1455 Id.
*1456 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 30194-30195.
*1457 Summary of Interview of two Rape Victims (Bassiouni/Fenrick), 25 November 1992, Sarajevo, IHRLI Doc. No. 15568; «Aggression Against the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Facts on the Effects (Excerpts)», Testimony of [witness], 7 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29887, 29911; Statement No. 1758/93, IHRLI Doc. No. 29204-29206.
*1458 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12940, 12941.
*1459 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 18936, 18955.
*1460 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550.
*1461 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550.
*1462 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550.
*1463 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550.
*1464 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550.
*1465 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550.
*1466 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550.
*1467 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No. 57191-57196, 57188-57190; see also, Tom Post, «A Pattern of Rape», Newsweek, 4 January 1993, at 33, IHRLI Doc. No. 8549, 8550. Another report states that Muslim children have been born into captivity and retained for up to five months in a camp for women in Foca, Bosnia Action Committee, Women's Section, IHRLI Doc. No. 9772.
*1468 British Defence Debriefing Team (DDT) «Special Report on Foca Camp», 25 March 1994, attached to letter dated 7 April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 63784, 63821, 63824; Roy Gutman, Newsday, 19 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35615, 35622.
*1469 Minnesota Advocates, August 1992 to June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35623.
*1470 US Department of State, Witness Statements, IHRLI Doc No. 56905, 56906, 56775, 56777.
*1471 US Department of State, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56906.
*1472 US Department of State, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 56775, 56777.
*1473 Id.
*1474 BH Testimonies/E 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 29294; BH Testimonies/E 1992 2, IHRLI Doc. No. 30222.
*1475 US Department of State, witness statements, IHRLI Doc. No 56775, 56777; Minnesota Advocates, August 1992 to June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35621.
*1476 Minnesota Advocates, August 1992 to June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 35623.
*1477 BH Testimonies/FNo.3 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 35685; BH Testimonies/E, IHRLI Doc. No. 29204; BH Testimonies/FNo.1, IHRLI Doc. No. 32102.
*1478 BH Testimonies/E 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32102.
*1479 See, e.g., BiH Committee for the Protection of Human Freedoms and Rights, IHRLI Doc. No. 26698, 26699.
*1480 Republic of Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 4622.
*1481 BH Testimonies/E 1992, IHRLI Doc No. 30207-30208, 30170-30171; Bassiouni Interviews, April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 15568-15569; see also BH Testimonies/FNo.3 1992, IHRLI Doc. No 35685.
*1482 Republic of Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, 7 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 4627.
*1483 Republic of Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Testimony, 7 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 4626.
*1484 Republic of Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Testimony, 7 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 4642. One report states that a camp for women in Miljevina holds only girls of 14 or younger for any length of time. Older females, it seems, are raped and not held. Bosnia Action Committee, Women's Section, IHRLI Doc. No. 9773.
*1485 BBC Monitoring Unit transcript attached to letter dated 13 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19884, 19902. See also BiH State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin No. 3 (March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29841, 29853
*1486 BBC Monitoring Unit transcript attached to letter dated 13 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19884, 19902. This may well refer to the KP Dom. For example, see Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ministry of Interior, report dated 19 October 1992, which practically mirrors the above description of a juvenile prison but refers to the Foca penitentiary, IHRLI Doc. No. 30258, 30261. However other sources report activity at such a place. For example, one source reported that in a home for young criminals he saw eight young men who had been thrown into quicklime, Defence Debriefing Team (DDT) «Special Report on Foca Camp», 25 March 1994, attached to letter dated 7 April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 63784, 63824.
*1487 ECMM, «Humanitarian Activity - Report No. 39, 26 September-2 October 1993», IHRLI Doc. No. 40866-40879, at 40871.
*1488 Id.
*1489 Id.
*1490 International Committee of Peace and Human Rights Report, 23 July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11471.
*1491 ICRC, List of Detention Places Visited by ICRC in Former Yugoslavia, 25 June 1991-4 April 1993«, IHRLI Doc. No. 64438.
*1492 Robert Fisk, «The Rapes Went On Day and Night», The Independent, 8 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43916
*1493 Robert Fisk, «The Rapes Went On Day and Night», The Independent, 8 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43916; see IHRLI Doc. No. 24001 for list of prisoners that were taken from Gacko to a camp in Bileca.
*1494 List of Prisoners, IHRLI Doc. No. 24001.
*1495 Witness Testimony, Armed Forces of Bosnia- Hercegovina, Municipality Hadzici, War Hospital «Suhodol» Tarcin No. 01/1992, 9/25/92, IHRLI Doc. No. 29278.
*1496 Id.
*1497 ECMM, «Report from Zagreb to LO Geneva, Marc Vogelaar», 30 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 24088.
*1498 Id. This witness identified a Serbian individual as the head of a Serbian organization dedicated to ethnic cleansing. It is unclear from the report whether this man or organization was involved in the imprisonment of Muslim and Croatian prisoners.
*1499 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56509; Zdravko Grebo, Report, 19 November 1992, submitted by Anne Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Civil Affairs Zagreb, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 5495; UN Commission of Experts Letter from Julio Baez, IHRLI Doc. No. 16822.
*1500 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56509; Zdravko Grebo, Report, 19 November 1992, submitted by Anne Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Civil Affairs Zagreb, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 5495; UN Commission of Experts Letter from Julio Baez, IHRLI Doc. No. 16822.
*1501 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56509; Zdravko Grebo, Report, 19 November 1992, submitted by Anne Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Civil Affairs Zagreb, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 5495; UN Commission of Experts Letter from Julio Baez, IHRLI Doc. No. 16822.
*1502 Open Letter From Muhamed Sacirbey Permanent Representative of the Republic of BiH to the United Nations Security Council President, U.N. Doc. S/24857 (25 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 48674; BiH State Commission For War Crimes, Bulletin No. 1 (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 13219.
*1503 United States Mission, Supplemental Submission of Information to the United Nation Security Council (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11941.
*1504 Id.
*1505 Id.
*1506 Id.
*1507 Id.
*1508 Id.
*1509 Id.
*1510 Marlene A. Young Ph.D., J.D., Executive Director of the National Organization for Victim Assistance, «Recommendations for Assistance to Victims of Trauma in the Former Yugoslavia», IHRLI Doc. No. 9123.
*1511 Id.
*1512 Id.
*1513 Id.
*1514 Id.
*1515 Id.
*1516 Id.
*1517 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin (February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 29809, 29812- 29817. The report provided a list of detainees in Gacko and Bileca prison camps.
*1518 Id.
*1519 Id.
*1520 Id.
*1521 US Department of State, Unclassified Documents, IHRLI Doc. No. 56320-56612, at 56509.
*1522 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56509.
*1523 Id.
*1524 Id.; Eighth Submission of Information to the Security Council from H. Clarke Rodgers to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman of Experts, 6 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 23454.
*1525 Witness Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 23968.
*1526 Witness Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 23977.
*1527 Id.
*1528 Id.
*1529 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 23984. The description of the prison is consistent with the description of the prison located in the basement of the Samacki Hotel.
*1530 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 23984.
*1531 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 23981.
*1532 ECMM, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 23981.
*1533 Id.
*1534 ECMM, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 23970.
*1535 Id.
*1536 Id.
*1537 Id.
*1538 Id.
*1539 ECMM, Witness Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 23973.
*1540 Id.
*1541 Id.
*1542 Id.
*1543 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56509.
*1544 Id.
*1545 Id.
*1546 Id.; Eighth Submission of Information to the Security Council from H. Clarke Rodgers to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman of Experts, 6 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 23454.
*1547 US Department of State, IHRLI Doc. No. 56509. See victim list.
*1548 Id.; Eighth Submission of Information to the Security Council from H. Clarke Rodgers to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman of Experts, 6 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 23454.
*1549 US Department of State IHRLI Doc. No. 56509; Eighth Submission of Information to the Security Council from H. Clarke Rodgers to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman of Experts, 6 June 1993, IHRlI Doc. No. 23454.
*1550 US Department of State IHRLI Doc. No. 56509; Eighth Submission of Information to the Security Council from H. Clarke Rodgers to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman of Experts, 6 June 1993, IHRlI Doc. No. 23454.
*1551 US Department of State IHRLI Doc. No. 56509; Eighth Submission of Information to the Security Council from H. Clarke Rodgers to Frits Kalshoven, Chairman of Experts, 6 June 1993, IHRlI Doc. No. 23454.
*1552 Sarajevo Radio BiH Network in Serbo-Croatian, 1 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 19893.
*1553 Zdravko Grebo, Report, 19 November 1992, submitted by Anne Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Civil Affairs Zagrab, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 5495.
*1554 Letter from Anne-Marie Thaman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Civil Affairs, Zagreb, to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 49183.
*1555 Id.
*1556 UN Economic and Social Council, Situation on Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12460.
*1557 Id.
*1558 United States Mission, Supplemental Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council (12 April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11942.
*1559 Id.
*1560 Id.
*1561 Id.
*1562 Id.
*1563 Zdravko Grebo, Report, 19 November 1992, submitted by Anne Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, Civil Affairs Zagrab, 19 November 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 5495; UN Commission of Experts, Letter From Julio Baez, IHRLI Doc. No. 16822.
*1564 ECMM, IHRLI Doc. No. 23987. Another report stated that the hotel was located five to six kilometres from Gacko. See ECMM, Dubrovnik IHRLI Doc. No. 24013.
*1565 ECMM, IHRLI Doc. No. 23987
*1566 Id.; see also ECMM, Dubrovnik IHRLI Doc. No. 24013.
*1567 ECMM, IHRLI Doc. No. 23987. A man identified as Sutko Osmanagic was burned alive in the parking lot of the hotel. One report stated that the Gacko Prison was located in the basement of the Hotel Rudnik and the Gacko Power Plant, see ECMM Dubrovnik, IHRLI Doc. No. 24013.
*1568 ECMM Dubrovnik, IHRLI Doc. No. 24013.
*1569 Id.
*1570 Id.
*1571 Id.
*1572 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 24017.
*1573 Id.
*1574 Id.
*1575 Id.
*1576 Id. Ten of the men were reportedly killed in the Gacko prison. The remaining male prisoners were transferred to a prison in Bileca, 30 kilometres away from Gacko.
*1577 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23762.
*1578 Id. The witness reported being able to identify the perpetrator as Montenegrin by his accent.
*1579 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 23763.
*1580 Id.
*1581 Id.
*1582 United States Mission, Supplemental United States Submission of Information to the United Nations Security Council (1 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 11886. The report provides no identifying characteristics concerning the hotel, it is referred to as «the city's hotel».
*1583 Id.
*1584 Id.
*1585 Id.
*1586 Id.
*1587 Id.
*1588 Id., IHRLI Doc. 11887.
*1589 Id.
*1590 Id.
*1591 ECMM Dubrovnik, IHRLI Doc. No. 24013.
*1592 Economic and Social Council, Situation on Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1993/50 (10 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12460.
*1593 Id.
*1594 ECMM Dubrovnik, IHRLI Doc. No. 24013.
*1595 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 24014.
*1596 Id.
*1597 Id.
*1598 Id.
*1599 All individuals were named in the source materials. Id.
*1600 Id.
*1601 Id.
*1602 Id. The witness reported that it was alleged that those who were killed were thrown into an unmarked mass grave which was covered by an excavator somewhere behind the partisan cemetery in Gacko.
*1603 Id.
*1604 Id.
*1605 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 23989.
*1606 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 024013.
*1607 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 24013.
*1608 Muharem Omerdic, Muslims In Concentration Camps, 29 June 1992, IHRLI Doc. Doc. No. 4313.
*1609 Id.
*1610 Id.
*1611 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 4319.
*1612 Chuck Sudetic, «Serbian Attacks Breach Defences of Muslim Town», New York Times, 6 April 1994, at A1.
*1613 «Over 30 Camps for Serbs in Bosnia», Tanjug, 19 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5412 and 48037.
*1614 ICRC, «Situation Report on ICRC Activities in Bosnia- Herzegovina», 26 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36955.
*1615 ICRC,« Situation Report on ICRC Activities in Bosnia- Herzegovina», 21 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 16829, 29958; ICRC, «Situation Report on ICRC Activities in Bosnia-Herzegovina», 28 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 23243.
*1616 Association of Serbs from Bosnia-Herzegovina, «Crimes des Forces Armees Croates, de l'Armee Croate et des Formations Musulmanes Paramilitaires Sur la Population Civile Serbes en Bosnie et Herzegovine pendant la Guerre de 1992», IHRLI Doc. No. 10344, 11470.
*1617 Presidency of the Republic of Srpska, «Information on the Aggression of the Republic of Croatia Against the Republic of Srpska (Serbia) and Genocide of the Serbs in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina», 30 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3115, 5052, 18674; Republic of Srpska (Serbia), «Statement on the Activities and Report of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights», 30 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11533; ICRC, «Places of Detention Identified as of 5/2/93», IHRLI Doc. No. 16823.
*1618 Presidency of the Republic of Srpska, «Information on the Aggression of the Republic of Croatia Against the Republic of Srpska (Serbia) and Genocide of the Serbs in the former Bosnia and Herzegovina», 30 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3115, 5052, 18674; Republic of Srpska (Serbia), «Statement on the Activities and Report of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights», 30 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11533; ICRC, «Places of Detention Identified as of 5/2/93», IHRLI Doc. No. 16823; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, «Report of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Submitted to the Commission of Experts», II-025 (1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 1394, 2173, 2198.
*1619 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Submission, «Report of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Submitted to the Commission of Experts, II-025 (1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 1394, 2173, 2198.
*1620 Id.
*1621 Id.
*1622 Republic of Croatia & Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ethnic Map, The Miroslav Krleza Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb, Croatia, 1991 census data.
*1623 ECMM, «HQ BH COMMAND-KISELJAK MESSAGE», 17 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 25491, 25495.
*1624 Id.
*1625 ECMM, «HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITY - REPORT No 30/93», 25- 31 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32737, 32745.
*1626 ECMM, «HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITY - REPORT No 36», 5-11 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 38368, 38384.
*1627 Id.
*1628 ECMM, «HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITY - REPORT No 37», 12-18 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 38332, 38344.
*1629 Former Yugoslavia, Places of detention and number of detainees visited by the ICRC, fax of 27 May 1994.
*1630 Id.
*1631 «Moslems and Croats Swap More Prisoners», Agence France Presse, 22 March 1994.
*1632 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23684, 23698.
*1633 Id.
*1634 Id.
*1635 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited by ICRC in former Yugoslavia», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64438.
*1636 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 23684, 23698.
*1637 Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28401, 28593.
*1638 United Kingdom Debriefing Team, «Special Report», 30 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43013.
*1639 Serbian Submission, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 5049-5053.
*1640 Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28531, 28795-28796.
*1641 ECMM, «Weekly Summary», 12 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 38332.
*1642 Letter from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Charge d'Affaires to United Nations, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28531, 28795-28796.
*1643 Republic of Croatia & Republic of Bosnia And Herzegovina Ethnic Map, The Miroslav Krleza Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb, Croatia, 1991 census data.
*1644 British Defence Debriefing Team (DDT), «Report», IHRLI Doc. No. 43006, 43287; Defence Debriefing Team (DDT), «Special Report On Sexual Assault», 25 March 1994, attached to letter dated 7 April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 63784, 63827.
*1645 Croatian Mission, Letter to UN Security Council from the Permanent Representative to the UN, 23 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36655-36660, 36659.
*1646 Letter from the Permanent Representative of Croatia to the UN addressed to the President of the Security Council, 14 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42820-42856, at 42855.
*1647 Id.
*1648 Defence Debriefing Team, «Restricted Report», 9 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40064-40128, at 40127.
*1649 Id.
*1650 Croatian Information Centre, «Weekly Bulletin, No. 2», 16 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34954-34957, 34960-34961, at 34956.
*1651 This report suggests that the museum is located in the village of Doljani, just outside of Jablanica. Id.
*1652 Letter from the Permanent Representative of Croatia to the UN addressed to the President of the Security Council, 14 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42820-42856, at 42855.
*1653 Id.
*1654 Id.
*1655 Up to and including the date of the report which is 3 August 1993.
*1656 Croatian Information Centre, «Weekly Bulletin, No. 3», 23 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34958-34961, at 34961.
*1657 This was suggested in several reports, but is as yet unconfirmed. See also ECMM, «Killed People and Detained Civilians from Doljani», IHRLI Doc. No. 40886-40910, at 40890.
*1658 It is quite possible that this report refers to the detention facility at the museum in Jablanica/Doljani. Another report referred to the museum facility as a prison. Compare Letter from the Permanent Representative of Croatia to the UN addressed to the President of the Security Council, 14 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42820-42856, at 42855.
*1659 ECMM, «Humanitarian Activity - Report No. 31/93», 8 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32753-32758, at 32758.
*1660 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited by ICRC in Former Yugoslavia, 25 June 1991-4 April 1993», IHRLI Doc. No. 64438.
*1661 They were later all found dead, suggesting summary executions.
*1662 Helsinki Watch, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Abuses by Bosnian Croat and Muslim Forces in Central and South-western Bosnia- Herzegovina (September 1993), vol. 5, Issue 18, IHRLI Doc. No. 35950-35951.
*1663 Sixth Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia Submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, Pursuant to Paragraph 32 of Commission Resolution 1993/7 of 23 February 1993, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/110 (21 February 1994), IHRLI Doc. No. 64779-64780.
*1664 Comite International Geneve ICRC, IHRLI Doc. No. 23244; Situation Report on ICRC Activities in Bosnia-Herzegovina, IHRLI Doc. No. 36955 (36 persons detained as of 16 August 1993); United Nations Commission of Experts Letter from Julio Baez, 21 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 16823; Republic Srpska Report 1 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 11531; Letter from Croatia to United Nations Security Council, 16 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 42824; Helsinki Watch Letter, 5 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 32291.
*1665 Republic of Croatia & Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ethnic Map, The Miroslav Krleza Lexicographical Institute, Zagreb, Croatia, 1991 census data.
*1666 The Republic of Srpska Presidency, Number: 01- 1049/92, Pale, 30 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 18659, 18671; Tanjug, 19 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48036, 48037; Permanent Mission of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to the United Nations, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48408, 48418; Serbian Republic Presidency Message, 4 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48551, 48569; Serbian American Affairs Office, Public Relations Committee of the Serbian Unity Congress, 6 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49149, 49158; Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in BiH, Report, Annex B, IHRLI Doc. No. 49397, 49417.
*1667 «Agreement on the Release and Transfer of Prisoners, Annex A1, List of Places of Detention According to Information Given by Detaining Parties on 01.10.1992», IHRLI Doc. No. 4384, 4390.
*1668 ECMM, «HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITY - REPORT No 32», 8-15 August 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 34588, 34599.
*1669 Yugoslavian Mission, Letter and attached report from Pavicivic to the Chairman of the Commission of Experts, No. 627/1, 2 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 28401-28546, at 28546, 28672- 28675. See also UN Economic and Social Council, Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, 8 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12606-12629.
*1670 ECMM, «Humanitarian Activity - Report No. 43», 30 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 50292-50299, at 50229.
*1671 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited by ICRC in Former Yugoslavia, 25 June 1991-4 April 1993», IHRLI Doc. No. 64439.
*1672 1991 Population Census of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Why Bosnia? 230-231 (Rabia Ali and Lawrence Lifschultz eds., 1993)
*1673 Newsday, 23 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39280A- 39283A, at 39280.
*1674 Another report says the incident occurred on 16 June 1992. An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 18936-18958, at 18954.
*1675 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5513- 5525, at 5523.
*1676 It is reported elsewhere that the youngest victim was 13, Report by Mr. Grebo to Mr. Mazowiecki's attention, Centre for Human Rights, 19 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-49193, at 49189.
*1677 Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Rape and Sexual Abuse by Armed Forces (January 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 5513- 5525, at 5523.
*1678 The woman's name and ethnicity were not given.
*1679 United Nations Centre for Human Rights, Field Operations Zagreb, 8 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29665-29667, at 29666.
*1680 Id.
*1681 Id.
*1682 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Bulletin No. 1 (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 48671.
*1683 This camp is also reported in the Grebo Report 19 November 1992, Letter from Anne-Marie Thalman, Civil Affairs Zagreb, IHRLI Doc. No. 5492-5496, at 5494.
*1684 The woman's name is on record with IHRLI.
*1685 The year was not specified.
*1686 World Campaign «Save Humanity», «Report on War Destructions, Violation of Human Rights and Crimes Against Humanity in Bosnia and Herzegovina», IHRLI Doc. No. 2769-2790, at 2789.
*1687 Id.
*1688 The following information is reported in a report by Mr. Zdravko Grebo to the United Nations Centre for Human Rights, 19 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-49193, at 49189.
*1689 This report also mentions the 40 women and girls held in Caparde discussed above. It is unclear whether the people who were released after two days of torture and the 40 women and girls were held in the same place. Id.
*1690 Letter from Social Worker at War Hospital «Suhodol» to Bureau of the Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina, No. 01/1992, 23 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39463A; Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 29277.
*1691 Testimony of Social Care Worker from Kalinovik, IHRLI Doc. No. 29276; Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 35686
*1692 Testimony of Social Care Worker from Kalinovik IHRLI Doc. No. 29278.
*1693 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29276.
*1694 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 35686.
*1695 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 35686. The former prisoner reported that he was held at the home of a Muslim named Gojko Jankovic.
*1696 Testimony of Social Care Worker from Kalinovik, IHRLI Doc. No. 29278.
*1697 Id.
*1698 Letter to the Bureau of the Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina from Social Worker at «Suhodol» War Hospital, No. 01/1992, 23 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39463A.
*1699 Testimony of Social Care Worker from Kalinovik IHRLI Doc. No. 29276.
*1700 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 35686.
*1701 Witness Statement, 1 April 1993, Sarajevo Psychiatric Clinic, IHRLI Doc. 35686.
*1702 Id.
*1703 Id.
*1704 Id.
*1705 Id.
*1706 Republic of Croatia, Division of Information, Ministry of Health, Testimony SIL-415, IHRLI Doc. No. 43960- 43963.
*1707 Id.
*1708 Id.
*1709 Witness Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 30194-30195.
*1710 Id.
*1711 Id.
*1712 Witness Statement of social worker, No. 01/1992, 23 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 29276. Another report stated that 10 Muslims were imprisoned in the camp. See Letter to the Presidency of the Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina Government and to the War Crimes Commission of the Presidency, 9 October 1992, No. 10/548/92, IHRLI Doc. No. 30262.
*1713 Witness Statement of social worker, No. 01/1992, 23 September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 29276 (providing list of names of victims).
*1714 Id.
*1715 Id.; Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 39462A.
*1716 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 39461 (providing list of victim names and dates of birth); Letter from social worker, IHRLI Doc. No. 29277.
*1717 Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 39461 (providing list of victim names and dates of birth); Letter from social worker, IHRLI Doc. No. 29277.
*1718 Witness Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 9772; «On the Cetnik Crimes Over The Muslim Women In The Course of Aggression in 1992 Upon The Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina» The Riyasat of Islamic Community, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39440A.
*1719 Witness Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 9772; «On the Cetnik Crimes Over The Muslim Women In The Course of Aggression in 1992 Upon The Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina» The Riyasat of Islamic Community, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39440A.
*1720 Witness Testimony, IHRLI Doc. No. 9772; «On the Cetnik Crimes Over The Muslim Women In The Course of Aggression in 1992 Upon The Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina» The Riyasat of Islamic Community, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39440A.
*1721 BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts, 5 October 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 19902.
*1722 Robert Fisk, «The Rapes Went on Day and Night», The Independent, 8 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43917.
*1723 Id.
*1724 Id.
*1725 Id.
*1726 Id.
*1727 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 43916.
*1728 Id.
*1729 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 43917.
*1730 Id.
*1731 Id.
*1732 Id.
*1733 Id.
*1734 Id. Many of the raped Gacko women, many of whom were interviewed when The Independent revealed the existence of the Kalinovik rape camp, were reportedly trapped in the besieged Muslim sectors of Mostar and Jablanica. The Independent, 18 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29656.
*1735 Robert Fisk, «The Rapes Went on Day and Night», The Independent, 8 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43916. A health care provider from Gacko who assisted in several abortions on survivors, reportedly compiled a list on names and ages of all raped women along with the identities of five girls taken by Serbian soldiers and forced to work as prostitutes. The girls were never seen again. Many of the women who survived the Kalinovik camp are living in villages in the area. These women recorded the names of young men who were brutally murdered by Serbian soldiers in their presence and the names of 71 women from a neighbouring village who were machine-gunned to death.
*1736 Id.
*1737 Id.
*1738 1991 Population Census of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Why Bosnia? 230-231 (Rabia Ali and Lawrence Lifschultz eds., 1993).
*1739 ECMM, «Humanitarian Activity Report No. 27/93», 5-10 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29706-29714, at 29714.
*1740 ICRC, «List of Detention Places Visited by ICRC in Former Yugoslavia (25 June 1991-30 April 1994)), IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442.
*1741 Id.
*1742 Id.
*1743 The year is not specified.
*1744 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 34325-34363, at 34329.
*1745 ECMM, 17 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29114.
*1746 The location of the camp is not specified. See ICRC, «Situation Report», 3 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36944-36956, at 36955.
*1747 ECMM, «Humanitarian Activity Report No. 25/93», 14-20 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29695.
*1748 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29679.
*1749 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 29679.
*1750 The Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc.A/48/92, S/25341 (26 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 35819.
*1751 Id.
*1752 Id.
*1753 Id.
*1754 Letter from the Permanent Mission of FRY to the Commission of Experts, 27 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3103.
*1755 Id. According to another report, Dr. Marko Simic- Nikolic of Tuzla worked as physician in an unidentified camp in Stupari. «Ethnic Cleansing in Former Yugoslavia», BBC World Service, 23 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 043344.
*1756 Four thousand prisoners were reported to have come from Kljuc to Sanski Most. There is no indication from which camp they came. Defence Debriefing Team, «Special Report: Order of the Battle in the Former Yugoslavia», 29 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. 43257.
*1757 This camp appears on a list of detention facilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ICRC is listed as the source of information pertaining to this particular camp, Julio A. Baez, Secretary of the UN Commission of Experts, Places of Detention, 21 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 16823; ICRC, «Agreement on the Release and Transfer of Prisoners», 1 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4392.
*1758 US State Department, «Subject: the Siege of Sanica Donja, 15 December 1992», IHRLI Doc. 56440-56447; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9279-9450.
*1759 Republic of BiH, Ministry of Internal Affairs, «Report of Crimes committed against Humanity and the International Law of Concentration Camps formed by the Agressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48218.
*1760 Defence Debriefing Team, «Special Report: Order of Battle in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia», 29 July 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43282.
*1761 Republic of BiH, Ministry of Internal Affairs, «Report of Crimes committed against Humanity and the International Law of Concentration Camps formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48218.
*1762 Velagici is located about five kilometres north-west of Kljuc. Before the war, its ethnic composition was 75 per cent Muslim, 24 per cent Serb, and 1 per cent Croatian. It was considered one of the wealthiest suburbs in the district of Kljuc. US State Department, «Subject: the Siege of Sanica Donja», 15 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 56444.
*1763 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56444-56447.
*1764 The 6th Krajina Brigade is reported to be a paramilitary formation made up of current and former JNA soldiers. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56444.
*1765 The witness was kept at Stara Gradiska from late May until mid-June when he was transferred to another location. He remained at the next facility until mid-December 1992. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56447.
*1766 The witness learned this from a woman refugee at a refugee camp in Karlovac, Croatia. Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56445.
*1767 Republic of BiH, Ministry of Internal Affairs, «Report of the Crimes committed against Humanity and the International Law of Concentration Camps formed by the Aggressor in Bosnia and Herzegovina», August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48218.
*1768 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. 9449-9450.
*1769 Id.
*1770 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 9450.
*1771 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56440-56447.
*1772 The arresting forces were believed to be from the Sixth Krajina Brigade headquartered at Palanka. They were dressed in regular JNA uniforms. On their uniform shoulder and hat, they wore the Yugoslav flag. On the pocket, they wore a red ribbon. See Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56440-56441.
*1773 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56442.
*1774 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56442.
*1775 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56441.
*1776 Centre for Investigation of War Crimes and Crimes of Genocide on the Muslims, The Testimony of [witness] about the Suffering of the Muslims from villages: Batonjici, Crnolici, Gornji Budelj (Kljuc region), no date, IHRLI Doc. No. 5980-5981.
*1777 Id.
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