*2804 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9411; United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team (DDT), «Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information, CFN 110», IHRLI Doc. No. 43259. Subject reported that the Keraterm camp was situated in the north-east corner of Prijedor on the narrow road leading east to Kozarusa. Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12328; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56367. Subject reported that the Keraterm camp was located a few kilometres due east of Prijedor on Highway 4 (European Route E761) in the direction of Banja Luka. Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region (Bosnia- Herzegovina)», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4852; Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, ABC News Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part 1», IHRLI Doc. No. 39742; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56576-56578. A Subject reported that the Keraterm camp was located on the north side of the Prijedor-Banja Luka road. A road construction company was reportedly located across the road from building.
*2805 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 263, IHRLI Doc. No. 57185-57187. Subject who was held at the camp from 26 June 1992 to 5 July 1992 estimated that each hall held approximately 600 to 800 prisoners; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-199, IHRLI Doc. No. 56960-56964, at 56964. Subject reported that prisoners were kept in 4 separate rooms at the camp. BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29834. One subject reported that there were four rooms with inmates: Room Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. See also BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Case File 735/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33330-33332.
*2806 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56367; US Department of State Declassifed Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512. According to the subject, the ceramics factory had been designed by a German firm. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645. Subject described a two-story high warehouse structure.
*2807 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56367-56368. According to the subject, the rooms used to house the prisoners were located on the ground floor of this structure. The subject stated that the camp was approximately 70 to 150 metres off the north side of the highway between the villages of Cirkino Polje and Kozarac.
*2808 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56576-56578; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693. The subject reported that there was more than one guard shack at the camp. One was reportedly located at the gate, and another, near Room 1.
*2809 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368; US Department of State Declassified Materials, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645. Subject reported that the four rooms were located on one end of the structure and that each room measured approximately 40 metres in depth. Two of the rooms were reportedly 20 metres wide and two were reportedly 10 metres wide. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57148. Subject reported that the main «hall», which was divided into four sections, was 20 metres by 50 metres in size. The subject stated that the first section housed administration and the Serbian police offices where interrogations were held. The second section, eight metres by 20 metres, reportedly held 550 prisoners. The third and fourth sections were reportedly six metres by 20 metres each and held approximately 250 or more prisoners each. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693. Subject provided an extensive description of the structure and hall dimensions.
*2810 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368.
*2811 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368. The subject commented that access was not possible via the corridor. The subject added that the building was divided by a corridor and that stolen private property was stored in the rooms on the opposite side of the corridor which did not face the highway.
*2812 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512.
*2813 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56367. According to the subject, the fence lay between 20 and 70 metres from the building at various points; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512. Subject reported that the camp was surrounded by a wire mesh fence.
*2814 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56576-56578; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-25, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject described a two metre-high fence, but did not specify whether it was barbed wire or not. The subject added that there were signs on the perimeter of the fence indicating that there were mines place along the fence area.
*2815 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512.
*2816 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739.
*2817 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 247, IHRLI Doc. No. 57140.
*2818 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29828; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-14, IHRLI Doc. No. 56364-56366. Subject estimated the number of prisoners at the camp at 3,000. He added that the prisoners were interrogated and that none of the prisoners remained at the camp for more than four days
*2819 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9412. Subject estimated that between 1,000 to 1,200 men were detained at Keraterm and that prisoners from Omarska were transferred periodically.
*2820 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739.
*2821 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region (Bosnia-Herzegovina)», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4852, 4858.
*2822 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9412. Subject, who was brought to the camp on 20 July 1992, stated that prisoners were continuously being brought to the room in which he was detained and he believed that prisoners from the Omarska camp were frequently being brought to Keraterm. He claimed that approximately 400 prisoners were held in four rooms at the camp.
*2823 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team Special Report, «Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia», Annex A to JSIO 2841-9, 16 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43009, 43014 (CFN 409).
*2824 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 263, IHRLI Doc. No. 57185-57187. Subject reported that upon his arrival at the camp on 26 June 1993, there were approximately 2,800 prisoners at the camp and that when he departed on 5 July 1992, there were still 2,000 prisoners.
*2825 Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs, to Georg Mautner- Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-49196. According to refugees from the Kozarac area, there were 3,000 prisoners held at the Keraterm camp.
*2826 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region (Bosnia-Herzegovina)», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4857.
*2827 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team Special Report, «Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia», Annex A to JSIO 2841-9, 16 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43009, 43014 (CFN 163); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368. Subject reported that men brought to the Keraterm camp from Prijedor in late May 1992 ranged in age from approximately 12 years-old to 80 years-old. The subject added that at no time were there small children at the camp.
*2828 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368.
*2829 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992) IHRLI Doc. No. 9421.
*2830 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 263, IHRLI Doc. No. 57185-57187; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368. Subject reported that the 70 per cent of the prisoners taken to the Keraterm camp from Prijedor were Muslims, and that the others were ethnic Albanians and Croatians.
*2831 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-74, IHRLI Doc. No. 56556-56557; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-192, IHRLI Doc. No. 56931-56934.
*2832 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368. The subject reported that Room 1 was located on the western end of the building on the first floor.
*2833 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512.
*2834 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369. According to the subject, everyone at the camp (without exception) had to be interrogated. The subject reported that beatings were routine in Room 2 and the guards would enter the room and back the prisoners into one corner. To protect each other, some prisoners would reportedly lie on top of each other on the floor, ultimately causing some to die of suffocation. According to the subject, the bodies of some of the dead and seriously wounded would be left in the room for two or three days before being removed and place outside next to a dumpster at the far northeastern corner of the building.
*2835 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369. According to the subject, interrogations were held in rooms on the second floor of the building.
*2836 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56370.
*2837 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512.
*2838 Id.
*2839 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29834; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-195, IHRLI Doc. No. 56941-56944. Subject reported that he was crammed into Room 3 with several hundred prisoners on approximately 20 July 1992 and that from the start of his imprisonment (until his release on 5 August 1992), he saw Muslim men regularly beaten with iron bars and rifle butts. The subject also stated that every night five men were taken out of Room 3 and shot.
*2840 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team Special Report, «Concentration Camps and Other Places of Detention in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia», Annex A to JSIO 2841-9, 16 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43009, 43014 (CFN 163); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-199, IHRLI Doc. No. 56960-56964, at 56964. Subject was one of five Bosnian Muslims from villages in the Prijedor area who arrived at the Keraterm camp in mid-June for two months and were transferred to the Trnopolje camp in early August. Subject reported that room 3 was where prisoners were most severely tortured.
*2841 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56370.
*2842 Id., IHRLI Doc. No. 56371. Subject estimated that from 16 July 1992, 300 prisoners were killed at the camp per night. He reportedly arrived at this figure based on mental notes he made during morning roll calls as to how many prisoners on the roster were no longer present.
*2843 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region (Bosnia-Herzegovina)», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4858; US Department of State Declassified Materials, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368. Subject reported that men from Prijedor were the first to arrive at the camp on 25 and 26 May 1992. Roy Gutman, «Death Camp Horrors: Survivors Detail Serbian Atrocities», Newsday, 18 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 35553-35568, at 35557; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject reported that the camp was opened on 25- 26 May 1992 and that he was brought to the camp on 26 May 1992.
*2844 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2845 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 122, IHRLI Doc. No. 56699-56702.
*2846 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-14, IHRLI Doc. No. 56364-56366.
*2847 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 247, IHRLI Doc. No. 57140-57141.
*2848 Statement by identified source submitted to IHRLI, IHRLI Doc. No. 29434-29436. The subject reported the abuse and killing of prisoners during the transfer to the Omarska camp. The prisoners on the bus were also reportedly greeted by beatings upon intake at the Omarska camp.
*2849 Written statement submitted by the Croatian Centre for Collecting Documentation and Processing Data on the Liberation War, «Weekly Bulletin No. 12», 25 October 1993, 003 B- H Prijedor, IHRLI Doc. No. 43736-43737.
*2850 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56512.
*2851 Republic of Croatia, Division of Information and Research, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Testimony PRIJ-408, IHRLI Doc. No. 39578A-39581A.
*2852 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, «Debrief of CFN 059», 9 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 4064, 4065-4066.
*2853 Statement Submitted by the BiH Information Centre, London, IHRLI Doc. No. 2984A43-2984A46.
*2854 «The Eyes of Bosnia», a documentary film, IHRLI Doc. No. 52442. Subject stated that the policemen burst into his home at 10:00 a.m.. The subject claimed that he was a civilian who did not have any weapons and who was not part of a political party.
*2855 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 263, IHRLI Doc. No. 57185-57187.
*2856 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 202, IHRLI Doc. No. 56975-56978.
*2857 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29828.
*2858 Statement Submitted by the BiH Information Centre, London, IHRLI Doc. No. 2984A17-2984A20.
*2859 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 213, IHRLI Doc. No. 57027-57029.
*2860 Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, ABC News Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part 1», IHRLI Doc. No. 39745.
*2861 Statement submitted by the Republic of BiH, Office of the Presidency in the Republic of Croatia, IHRLI Doc. No. 34715- 34716.
*2862 US Department of Date Declassified Materials, 94-192, IHRLI Doc. No. 56931-56934.
*2863 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56979-56981.
*2864 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56370.
*2865 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29832-29834. One subject reported that upon arrival at the Keraterm camp, there were about 360 persons there from Puharska, and about 500 persons from Sivci. He reported that «[l]ater on, people came from Carakovo, Hambarine, Prijedor, 10-15 people every night». See also BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Case File 735/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33330-33332.
*2866 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56576-56578.
*2867 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693.
*2868 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56371.
*2869 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9412.
*2870 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 195, IHRLI Doc. No. 56941-56944.
*2871 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739.
*2872 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 206, IHRLI Doc. No. 57001-57004.
*2873 Roy Gutman, «Death Camps: Survivors Tell of Captivity, Mass Slaughters in Bosnia», A Witness to Genocide 44 (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24896-24902; Roy Gutman, «Back From the Dead: Freed Prisoners Detail Massacres», A Witness to Genocide 84 (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24944; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693. Subject reported that in late July-early August, it was rumored that the camp was closing because the ICRC was scheduled to visit the camp. The subject reported that before prisoners were transferred in early August, some interrogations were held.
*2874 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56373.
*2875 Id. The report commented that this transfer to Trnopolje was an exception, since all of the other prisoners who had previously been transferred had been taken to the Omarska camp; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720.
*2876 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56514; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56576-56578. Subject reported that on 5 August, he and other prisoners were transferred to the Trnopolje camp. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739. Subject reported that on 5 August 1992, approximately 1,200 prisoners were transferred to the Trnopolje camp. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-195, IHRLI Doc. No. 56941-56944. Subject reported that he and others were transported to the Trnopolje camp by bus on 5 August 1992. Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9421. Two subjects reported that on 1 or 2 August 1992, camp authorities called prisoners out by name and loaded them onto 2 buses. Those buses were reportedly taken to the Manjaca or Omarska camps, and the subjects reported that they never saw those prisoners again. The subjects reported that the rest of the prisoners (including subjects), were transported to the Trnopolje camp on 5 August 1992.
*2877 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693.
*2878 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2879 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team (DDT), «Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information», CFN 631, IHRLI Doc. No. 43260. The subject added that he believed that journalists had discovered that prisoners were being held at Keraterm and that was why the prisoners were moved to Omarska.
*2880 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29834. See also BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Case File 735/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33330-33332.
*2881 Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, ABC News Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part 1», IHRLI Doc. No. 39742-39743.
*2882 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9411, 9416.
*2883 US 1992 Human Rights Reports on BiH and Serbia, IHRLI Doc. No. 9049.
*2884 Stephen Engelberg, «Clearer Picture of Bosnia Camps: A Brutal Piece of a Larger Plan», New York Times, IHRLI Doc. No. 40044-40045.
*2885 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693. The subject reported that some of the men who beat the prisoner as they exited the bus wore olive-drab military uniforms, while others wore camouflage uniforms, both types reportedly with red ribbons attached to the right shoulder «epaulet» which hung down the right arm. Other men reportedly wore blue uniforms, without red ribbons, and one person, identified as a Montenegran, reportedly wore a yellowish, non-camouflage uniform and a round red cap with a fringe at the back.
*2886 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56980.
*2887 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12329.
*2888 Id.
*2889 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team (DDT), «Summary No. 19 of Atrocity Information, CFN 631», IHRLI Doc. No. 43260.
*2890 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-4, IHRLI Doc. No. 56333. The subject added that the identified guard often «stalked» the camp when not on duty, seeking vulnerable men from which he had not previously confiscated personal belongings and beating them. The guard also reportedly fought with other guards to steal any jewelry which they may have confiscated.
*2891 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9412.
*2892 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 96368.
*2893 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 192, IHRLI Doc. No. 56931-56934.
*2894 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 263, IHRLI Doc. No. 57185-57187.
*2895 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739.
*2896 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693.
*2897 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645.
*2898 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369. The subject stated that prisoners waiting to be interrogated were held in Room 2. The subject added that sometimes prominent local persons who were recognized by the Serb guards were killed immediately, before they even got to Room 1. The subject commented that he was not interrogated until late June 1992, about one month after his arrival at the camp, and felt that this was perhaps longer than most men had to wait, though there was no set schedule.
*2899 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-14, IHRLI Doc. No. 56364-56366.
*2900 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12331.
*2901 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 199, IHRLI Doc. No. 56960-56964. Subject was among BiH Muslims from villages in the Prijedor area who arrived at the Keraterm camp in mid-June for two months and were transferred to the Trnopolje camp in early August. The subject reported that after being stabbed in the thighs, he sat in pain for about 10 minutes and was thereafter ordered by guards to march to the bathroom to clean himself up. The subject reported that he lost a significant amount of blood and that a few nights later, an identified guard called out into the dormitory for him to come out and that he refused to answer. The subject reported that he told the guard that he had not fought against the Serb village and was thereafter left alone by the guard. See also BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29834. One subject similarly reported a prisoner from Prijedor who had been stabbed in both of his thighs with a knife.
*2902 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12330.
*2903 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645. Subject reported that his village of Cerjeci had not fired any shots when Serb irregular forces entered.
*2904 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2905 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9411. One subject reported that upon his arrival on 20 July 1992, he was not fed for the first five or six days. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-122, IHRLI Doc. No. 56699-56702. Subject reported that during his two day stay at the end of May 1992, the prisoners received neither food or water before being transferred to the Omarska camp. Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12329. One subject reported that from 26 July to 5 August 1992, the prisoners were given nothing to eat at the camp. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739. Subject reported that after arriving at the camp in early July 1992, he and other prisoners received no food for the first several days. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369. It was reported that for the first five days, no food or water was given to the prisoners. After the fifth day, daily food rations were reportedly given to the prisoners. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject reported that after arriving at the camp on 26 May 1992, he and other prisoners received no food for two days. Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9413. One subject reported that, in total, he and other prisoners at the camp were denied food for 15 days.
*2906 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», December 7, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4858; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject reported that a one kilogram loaf of bread was divided between eight prisoners and that every second or third day, they received 60 grams of soup with their bread.
*2907 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-247, IHRLI Doc. No. 57140. Subject reported that during his three days at the camp from 25-27 May 1992, the prisoners received only once a small portion of cooked rice, which was served in their hands, and twice, a small piece of bread. Statement by identified source submitted to IHRLI, IHRLI Doc. No. 29434-29436. Subject reported that after arriving at the camp on 25 May 1992, prisoners received a piece of bread and a handful of rice on 27 May 1992; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56980. Subject reported that he received one meal per day at the camp, usually a few beans and two small slices of stale bread. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56576-56578. Subject reported that prisoners were given one meal per day which consisted of a loaf of bread per eight men and some thin soup with beans.
*2908 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9411.
*2909 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9411-9412. The subject believed that the men in his area of detention were being singled out for punishment because they all came from exclusively Muslim villages
*2910 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4858.
*2911 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12329.
*2912 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9415. One subject reported that:
«They used to bus us when we went to lunch. There would be guards waiting inside with baseball bats to beat us. If you fell down, you were finished. Sometimes, we had to crawl the last 15 metres to where lunch was distributed. Every day the guards would invent new games. We had to shovel our food into our mouths quickly. We received about one or one and a half decaliters of soup and two small pieces of bread. This was the only meal of the day, and usually half the soup wound up on the floor. About 50 to 100 men were left without food each day.»
*2913 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369.
*2914 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2915 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9411.
*2916 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4858.
*2917 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12328. One subject reported generally that he was imprisoned with approximately 500 persons and even though the room was rather large, there was not enough space to sit or lay down.
*2918 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9411.
*2919 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739.
*2920 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9413.
*2921 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2922 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9412-9413.
*2923 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12328.
*2924 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 247, IHRLI Doc. No. 57140. Subject was held at the Keraterm camp from 25-27 May 1992 and was later transferred to the Omarska camp. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject was held at the camp from late May until August 1992.
*2925 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12328; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9412-9413. One subject reported that the floor of his room was covered with pallets.
*2926 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9412-9413.
*2927 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4859; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject reported that there was no medical service at the camp and that ICRC representatives were never seen there.
*2928 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4859.
*2929 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56370.
*2930 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368, 56370.
*2931 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56370. Subject reported that on rare occasions, guards would permit a prisoner to hose down the toilet stalls.
*2932 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4858.
*2933 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2934 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369.
*2935 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2936 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369.
*2937 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 247, IHRLI Doc. No. 57140-57141; Austrian Mission, Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12333. A subject reported that one night in mid-July 1992, a prisoner going to the barrel used as a toilet was shot in the head through a window, and died immediately. Another subject reported that an identified Serbian individual «killed one person on the toilets and injured another person heavily . . . he picked out 5 men among the prisoners, one of them was killed, the others were heavily injured».
*2938 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4858.
*2939 Id.
*2940 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12328
*2941 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56370. Subject stated that he did not wash his hands for nearly 50 days due to the lack of water.
*2942 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9413.
*2943 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4859.
*2944 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12329.
*2945 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369.
*2946 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2947 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56980.
*2948 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693.
*2949 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369.
*2950 Id.
*2951 Statement Submitted by the Croatian Information Centre, Code: luka1ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 11681-11683. Subject reported that the guards mutilated the man in front of his sons. It was also reported that on the same day, Radio Prijedor broadcasted that the old man was killed while forcing his way into the camp.
*2952 Roy Gutman, «Back From the Dead: Freed Prisoners Detail Massacres», A Witness to Genocide 84 (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947.
*2953 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9419-9420.
*2954 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739.
*2955 Roy Gutman, «Back From the Dead: Freed Prisoners Detail Massacres», A Witness to Genocide 84 (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947, at 24946.
*2956 Mary Battiata, «Former Prisoners Allege Wholesale Serb Atrocities», Washington Post, 6 October 1992, 35544-35547.
*2957 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 199, IHRLI Doc. No. 56960-56964. Subject was among BiH Muslims from villages in the Prijedor area who arrived at the Keraterm camp in mid-June for two months and were transferred to the Trnopolje camp in early August.
*2958 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12332.
*2959 Statement Submitted by the Croatian Information Centre, Code: luka1ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 11681-11683.
*2960 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9415.
*2961 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56368.
*2962 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56980. Subject reported that he could hear prisoners screaming and that he also heard shooting. He stated that once he was allowed to walk outside and looked into the room and saw that the walls were riddled with bullet holes and splattered with blood.
*2963 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9414. According to a subject, one night,
«about 30 or 40 people were taken out of the room. Some [of those who had been beaten] walked in later and others were carried in. In the morning we found dead [bodies] amongst us again, and a truck arrived to take the dead and wounded.
*2964 Statement Submitted by the BiH Information Centre, London, IHRLI Doc. No. 2984A43-2984A46. Subject reported that during the day, treatment was fine, but when night came, they were taken to rooms and beaten with baseball bats. The beatings were alleged to have been performed by drunk individuals referred to generally as «Cetniks».
*2965 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 199, IHRLI Doc. No. 56960-56964. Subject was among BiH Muslims from villages in the Prijedor area who arrived at the Keraterm camp in mid-June for two months and were transferred to the Trnopolje camp in early August.
*2966 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9413.
*2967 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team (DDT), «Summary No. 24 of Atrocity Information, CFN 694», IHRLI Doc. No. 43281; United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, «Special Report on the Keraterm Camp, Annex B to JSIO 2841-19», 25 March 1994, CFN 694, IHRLI Doc. No. 63790.
*2968 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693.
*2969 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12330.
*2970 Id.
*2971 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147.
*2972 «The Eyes of Bosnia», a documentary film, IHRLI Doc. No. 52442.
*2973 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56513. Subject also reported that during the day, the guards took the prisoners outside and made them walk on all fours and bark like dogs.
*2974 Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, ABC News Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part 1», IHRLI Doc. No. 39744-39750.
*2975 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 194, IHRLI Doc. No. 56937-56940. This account was taken from Bosnian Muslims from Prijedor County who spent three weeks at the Keraterm camp in July and August, and claimed to have witnessed and survived a mass killing at the camp on 24 July when guards opened up with automatic rifles on a room packed with prisoners. One subject reported that he arrived at the Keraterm camp in mid- July 1992, and was put into the same room with men from the village of Carakovo. Other subjects were also among this group, and all of the subjects had been brought to the camp with two busloads of prisoners, all of whom were loaded into a single room. One of the subjects estimated the size of the room at about 80 square metres, with a small alcove in the right rear corner. The room reportedly had a single window high up in the front wall above a large sheet-metal «garage-type» door with a smaller opening in it. The subjects estimated variously that the room held 200-300 prisoners. From Monday through Friday, the prisoners in the room reportedly received little water or food. Only on Wednesday did they receive a 50 litre barrel of water and a slice of bread for each man. On Thursday and Friday, they reportedly received nothing. The summer temperature in the room was reported as stifling and the conditions were described as unbearable. One subject stated that two of the prisoners, who were medical technicians by training, attempted to keep the prisoners calm. On the fifth day (24 July), the prisoners in the room were reportedly given water again, but in one of the subject's words, «they put something in the water» and the men in the room «became crazy». Another subject said that «things» were shot in through the window which produced smoke and gas. It was reported that the prisoners, in their agitation, began screaming and pounding the doors and prisoners began to hallucinate and fight each other. Some of the prisoners reportedly had managed to force a hole in the sheet metal of the door, and escaped from the room, but were then killed by the guards outside. One subject stated that he worked his way into the corner of the room near the window which no longer had gas coming through it. All of the subjects stated that after the disturbance in the room had gone on for some time, the soldiers outside the building opened fire with large machine guns. The bullets reportedly came through the sheet metal of the doors and whoever was nearby was killed. One subject stated that because he was in the back alcove and out of the direct line of fire, he managed to survive, along with about 25 other men in the same location. A second subject stated that a similar number of prisoners in his corner of the room near the window also survived the mass killing. A third subject said that a bullet grazed his arm, and a piece of metal grazed his skull and he passed out. Two of the subjects estimated that between 150 and 200 men were killed or wounded in the massacre. One subject reported that early the next morning, the smaller opening in the door was opened and two guards entered with automatic weapons, going around the room killing some of the wounded with bursts from their guns. The subject stated that by 9:00 or 10:00 a.m., the prisoners who were still alive began protesting and begging for food and water. Another subject stated that he and others were chosen by guards to load both the dead and the wounded onto a truck. The subject stated that a prisoner was forced to drive the truck away with some of the guards and was never seen again. Two of the subjects reported that on the day after the massacre, soldiers came into the room and chose approximately 20 of the surviving prisoners, took them outside, lined them up against an outside wall of the room, and shot them. Some of the bullets reportedly strayed into the room and killed several men there. United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, «Special Report on the Keraterm Camp, Annex B to JSIO 2841-19», 25 March 1994, CFN 973, IHRLI Doc. No. 63789. A subject reported that 350 persons from Hambarine had been confined to one building in the camp. When those prisoners pleaded for the windows to be opened, the guards reportedly opened the windows high up on the floor and then opened fire with machine-guns on the people below. The survivors were reportedly shot while illuminated by car headlights and then the prisoners from another building had to clear away the bodies. Some of the prisoners loaded onto trucks were reportedly still alive. United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, «Special Report on the Keraterm Camp, Annex B to JSIO 2841-19», 25 March 1994, CFN 1143, IHRLI Doc. No. 63789. Subject reported that he was alerted by the appearance of 2 vehicles illuminating the area with their headlights. He then reportedly heard fire orders being issued and three bursts of machine gun fire directed from a position about 30 metres from a building through the wall into a holding area. He stated that in the morning, «long trucks» were brought in to remove the corpses. The subject identified two men as the «shift leaders» responsible for the killings. United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, «Special Report on the Keraterm Camp, Annex B to JSIO 2841-19», 25 March 1994, CFN 694, IHRLI Doc. No. 63790. Subject stated that on one occasion approximately 148 prisoners were killed in one night, and then in the morning, 40 prisoners who had been wounded were put onto a truck and driven away. Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4860. It was reported that 12 refugees interviewed recalled the execution of 200 people in «room number 3» during the night of 24 July 1992. According to the report, the room accommodated about 230 prisoners, some from villages around Brdo. In the evening, tear gas grenades were reportedly thrown into the room and the prisoners were shot by the militia as they rushed out of the room. About 50 of the prisoners did not die right away and were buried along with the dead in a mass grave the next day. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-199, IHRLI Doc. No. 56960-56964, at 56964. One subject reported that on 24 July 1992, over 100 prisoners were killed. The subject reported that he observed from a window in room 2 as the guard shift changed at 6:00 p.m.. He stated, however, that the shift changed again two hours later and the more guards were stationed with automatic rifles. The subject stated that disturbances in room 3 started because of insufferable conditions and that guards initially fired a few shots. The subject that stated that he heard a voice shout, «don't shoot without an order from Kola». The subject stated that when the rioting grew worse he heard Kola state, «fire» and then heard rapid gunfire and screams. The subject said that the following day, guards chose two prisoners from rooms 1 and 2 and that those prisoners counted 99 dead and 42 wounded. The prisoners then loaded the bodies onto a truck labeled «Prijedor Autotransport», and none of the wounded, or the driver of the truck (another prisoner) were seen again. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-59, IHRLI Doc. No. 56513-56514. Subject reported that on 26 July 1992, buses arrived and the prisoners aboard were divided into two groups. Each group reportedly had to go to the grass-covered area at the end of the building to form a circle and hold their arms behind their necks. It was reportedly a hot day and the prisoners in the building were not allowed to leave their rooms or go to the toilet. The camp's guards were reportedly reinforced by a busload of Serbian irregular forces who started beating the men in the circles for the remainder of the day. According to the subject, the men in the buildings broke down and the camp guards opened the door to room 3 and started beating the prisoners inside. The door to room 3 was then reportedly closed and the guards started to fire inside of room 3. According to the subject, the shooting continued until 5:00 a.m. on 27 July. The next day, a white truck with the words «Autotransport» written on it and the license plate PD 17-28, was reportedly loaded by 70 prisoner-volunteers. According to the subject, the dead (170) were loaded first and the injured (47) were loaded on top of them. The canvas cover was reportedly closed, and the truck which was dripping blood, drove away. According to the report, at 4:30 a.m. on 28 July 1992, the guards fired again into Room 3 and killed 27 prisoners. According to the subject, Banja Luka Television reported that evening that there was an escape attempt at Keraterm and that 27 prisoners were shot dead while trying to escape. According to the subject, the news of the earlier massacre had leaked out and the guards killed the 27 men and showed them to reporters to cover up the earlier killing and to imply that this was actually all that happened. Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, Dispatches, «A Town Called Kozarac», IHRLI Doc. No. 52971. One subject reported that on 24 July 1992, prisoners in room 3 begged for water and air. They banged on the doors and broke windows. Thereafter, special police arrived from Banja Luka, who opened fire. The subject reported that he survived, and in the morning, the prisoners took out 182 bodies and loaded them onto a truck. The wounded were also loaded onto to the truck and were thereafter killed by the guards. The subject reported that he did not know what became of the 205 bodies which resulted from the mass killing. Mary Battiata, «Former Prisoners Allege Wholesale Serb Atrocities», Washington Post, 6 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 35544-35547. It was reported that on the evening of 24 July 1992, Serb guards positioned just outside room 3, fired burst after burst of automatic machine gun fire through the room's thin metal door. As many as 160 men in room 3 reportedly died that night and another 50 prisoners were killed the following morning when a new shift of guards entered room 3. It was further reported that 10 more prisoners disappeared after they were forced to load corpses onto a truck and leave the camp with them. Additional killings were said to have occurred the following night against an outside wall, and on many other nights after that. Roy Gutman, «Back From the Dead: Freed Prisoners Detail Massacres», A Witness to Genocide 84 (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947, at 24941-24942. A subject reported that on the evening of 22 July 1992, guards fired gas bombs into a large room at the camp and then machine- gunned everyone who came to the front, gasping for air. The subject estimated that 125 people were killed and 45 other were wounded in the attack, but that the wounded were loaded onto trucks along with the dead and were never seen again. BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29832-29834. One subject reported that on 27 July 1992, 145 people were killed and 45 others were wounded at the camp. See also BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Case File 735/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33330-33332; Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993«, IHRLI Doc. No. 12334-12336. The Austrian report lists numerous accounts of what appears to be the same mass killing: One witness who was detained at the camp from 12 July to 5 August 1992, reported that »[o]ne night the Serbs killed 216 people. They thought that the 216 people had put up resistance, this is why they were killed . . . I saw by myself how they were shot.« Another subject reported that 300 prisoners were held in a hall without getting food for several days and before shooting into the hall, the Serbs passed gas into it. According to the subject, they were shooting all night long, but some prisoners survived the attack. Another subject detained at the camp from 14 June to 5 August 1992 stated that one day a group of about 300 persons from Prijedor arrived at the Keraterm camp. They were reportedly locked up in a hall and received nothing to drink. After two days they reportedly became agitated and asked for water. The following night the Serbs reportedly came into the hall and »ravaged« for several hours. They reportedly shot into the hall, and the next day 90 out of 300 prisoners were dead and 28 were severely wounded. Another subject reported that,
»[a]t the beginning of July a mass killing took place. The Serbs locked up approximately 330 people in a hall. For three or four days they got nothing to drink or eat. It was very hot in the hall because the windows and doors were closed. One night the cetniks began to fire and fired on the hall for several hours. 96 or 97 people were killed, about 45 severely injured.« Another subject reported that at the end of July an incident occurred during which 160 people were killed. . . . The men who were accommodated in the room next to ours didn't get any food or water for four days. I should add that it was in the middle of summer and it was very hot. In the evening of the fourth day one could hear the cries of the men perishing of thirst. The same evening, the soldiers threw bombs with flue gas and tear gas into the room, so that the people would try to break up the door and to flee . . . When they broke the door and came outside, soldiers were already waiting with machine guns and shot into the crowd. About 160 men were killed.»Another subject reported that on about 25 July 1992, some hundreds of prisoners were locked up in a hall without getting food or water for several days. According to this report, too, the soldiers passed gas into the hall and shot all night long. The next morning, at least 100 prisoners were dead and some 50 of them were injured. The subject stated further that the dead as well as the wounded were taken away by truck. A subject who was detained at Keraterm from mid-June to 5 August 1992 reported that
«[o]nce they locked people from a new transport up in a hall, without food and water. When they started to knock, the cetniks became angry. They shot 200 people, 50 were wounded. The dead and wounded were brought away in the same truck. We later heard that they also were killed.»According to another subject, one night around 20 July, 99 people were shot and 40 were injured. The witness stressed that the dead as well as the wounded were taken away by the same truck. Another subject described the incident as follows:
«One night, at the end of July, or beginning of August . . . several hundred people were locked up in a hall. They passed gas into the hall and then shot around all night. 98 people were dead and 45 injured. They all were taken away by the same truck.»Another stated that at the end of July, 200 people were locked up in a hall and that the soldiers then shot around for several hours. According to the subject, 160 people were killed and 50 others were injured. The subject pointed out that before the shooting commenced, gas was passed into the hall. One subject reported that during the night he heard shooting and that the next morning he saw 160 dead bodies and 45 others wounded. The subject stated that he later heard that those prisoners were chosen because they came from an area where a Serbian soldier had been killed. Another subject reported that 400 men from Hambarine were brought to the Keraterm camp on 25 July and that since some of them had tried to put up a resistance, 120 of them were shot by soldiers and 25 others were wounded. Also referring to villagers from Hambarine, another witness reported:
«One night, I heard shooting and cries. The next morning I saw 200 bodies. Some time before that, 200 prisoners from Hambarine and Rizvanovici were brought. I think they were killed. I had to help loading the bodies on a truck.»One subject reported that
«[a]round 24 July, some barrels of poisoned water were put in the middle of a hall. Some people drank this water and lost consciousness. The others called for help until many armed soldiers arrived. They shot into the crowd arbitrarily. They left the dead and the wounded people all night long in the hall. The next day, we had to carry the dead bodies out of the hall and lay them beside one another. The wounded also were supposed to go to the same place from where they would be transported to a hospital. My friends told me to go there too, because of my broken rib. But then I recognized that the wounded were loaded on a cold-storage car together with the dead, so I went back.»Another subject, reported that he was brought to the camp on 16 June 1992 and that
«[a]fter about 14 days approximately 150 people were shot by Serbian soldiers. Before being shot, they were given drugs. The Serbs said that these people were to flee, which of course, was not true. The mass killing lasted from 2 to 5 a.m. I saw by myself how the bodies were loaded on the trucks and brought away.»US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-121, IHRLI Doc. No. 56698. Subject reported that prior to the evening of 19 or 20 July 1992, men from villages around Prijedor, including Carakovo, Hambarine, Rizvanovici, Zecovi and Biscani had been packed into detention room 3 at the camp. Those men had allegedly resisted during the «cleansing» of their villages and the guards reportedly sought to make examples of them. On the evening of 19 or 20 July, the men in the room reportedly began to hallucinate and push at the door of the detention room. The guards, who had set up machine guns in the yard outside the door, reportedly threw tear gas grenades into the room, and as the men attempted to knock the door open, the guards then opened fire on them. According to the subject, the shooting lasted (on and off) until 5:00 the next morning. Most of the men in the room were reportedly killed and a tractor-trailer arrived the next morning to take away the bodies. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56577-56578. Subject reported that in mid-July 1992, approximately three busloads of Muslim prisoners from Carakovo and Biscani arrived at the camp. The prisoners were placed in a room adjacent to the toilet. The subject stated that on the day following their arrival, the prisoners were forced to beat prisoners who were already in the camp. For three to four days the prisoners were reportedly denied food and water. On approximately 22 July 1992, the prisoners were reportedly told to come out for their meal. A wheel-mounted «Spanish gun» was reportedly positioned near the door to their cell, and as the prisoners left the cell, they were shot. The subject said that 120 prisoners were killed and 30 others were wounded. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-192, IHRLI Doc. No. 56931-56934. Subject reported that in early July 1992, the prisoners in rooms 1 and 2 were ordered to lie down flat on the ground and cover their heads with their hands. Two vehicles were reportedly parked near room 1 with their lights on, illuminating the open field in front of the entrances to the holding areas. Flood lights located approximately 50 metres away from the entrances were also reportedly aimed at the holding areas. Approximately 40-50 Bosnian Serbs then gathered in front of and approximately 30 metres from room 3 where «Category B» prisoners were held. According to the subject, the prisoners in room 3 were ordered to stand up and the Bosnian Serbs opened fire with their machine-guns. According to the subject, a group of approximately 30 prisoners from room 2 attempted to escape, but were killed halfway across the lit open field. The subject reported that 20 prisoners were selected to load the bodies of victims (a total of 322, 46 of whom were still alive) onto two military trucks and one civilian truck that had a trailer. According to the subject, the 20 prisoners then had to climb onto the truck and were never seen again. The subject reported that the victims of the above-described massacre were mainly from the villages of Carakovo, Kozarac, Zecovi and Hambarine. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject reported that in July 1992, 174 Muslims from the village of Carakovo, were brought to the camp and placed in room 3. The subject reported that on the next day guards placed five machine guns outside the entrance to the room and killed all 174 prisoners. The bodies reportedly remained in the room all night and were loaded onto trucks the next morning. The subject reported that 10 of the prisoners survived and were left behind in the hall. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-195, IHRLI Doc. No. 56941-56944. Subject reported that on 24 July 1992, he was in room 3 which was stifling hot, with closed doors and windows. The subject reported that the men screamed for water and received contaminated water which was so bad that it caused 20 men to collapse and faint. The subject said in response to the commotion, 15 «Cetnik» guards came into the room and occasionally fired their rifles into the crowd of prisoners, but gradually pulled back. When they reached the large garage door, the «Cetniks» began firing their rifles and machine guns into the crowd of inmates. The subject reported that he positioned himself behind a door and feigned dead. The subject reported that at dawn «volunteers» were chosen to load the 130 bodies onto trucks. Thereafter, 40 wounded were reportedly waited to be loaded onto another truck which was to take them to the hospital. When no truck came, the wounded too, were reportedly loaded onto the truck with the corpses and taken away. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693, at 56683-56684. Subject reported that on a date in early July 1992 at approximately 10:00 to 11:00 p.m., guards set up three wooden tables in the courtyard and then placed an automatic weapon with a bi-pod on each of the tables. The guards then reportedly aimed the weapons at room 3 and began firing for an extended period of time. According to the subject, on the morning after the mass killing, a «paramilitary commission» of about 10 men dressed in civilian clothes arrived at the camp. During that time, guards at the camp reportedly selected six prisoners to load a truck with 150-200 dead prisoners. A driver who brought the truck reportedly went into shock at the sight of the carnage and an unknown prisoner was found to drive the truck. A member of the «commission» reportedly told the wounded that they would be taken to a hospital and they were loaded atop the dead in the truck. Two armed guards then got into the cab of the truck which thereafter departed. The «commission» members reportedly left at the same time. Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9415- 9420. Two subjects described, in detail, a massacre which took place at Keraterm during the early morning hours of 25 July 1992.
*2976 Human Rights Questions: Human Rights Situations and Reports of the Special Rapporteurs and Representatives; Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. A/47/666, S/24809 (17 November 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 1500.
*2977 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4859.
*2978 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 195, IHRLI Doc. No. 56941-56944.
*2979 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12333.
*2980 Id.
*2981 BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29832-29834; see also BiH, State Commission for Gathering Facts on War Crimes, Case File 735/1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33330-33332.
*2982 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56980.
*2983 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 247, IHRLI Doc. No. 57140.
*2984 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 263, IHRLI Doc. No. 57185-57187.
*2985 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 131, IHRLI Doc. No. 56736-56739.
*2986 Statement Submitted by the BiH Information Centre, London, IHRLI Doc. No. 2984A43-2984A46; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56980. Subject reported that he saw prisoners being forced to pile up dead bodies in what looked like a «garbage heap» US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject reported that dead bodies were collected at a trash point, next to the fourth section and were transported by trucks every second or third day US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369. One subject reported that bodies were taken from room 2 and placed outside, next to a dumpster at the far northeastern corner of the building.
*2987 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 247, IHRLI Doc. No. 57140; Statement Submitted by the Croatian Information Centre, Code: luka1ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 11681-11683; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56679-56693, at 56683.
*2988 Statement Submitted by the Croatian Information Centre, Code: luka1ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 11681-11683.
*2989 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12333; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645. Subject reported that the Keraterm system was to take a detail of 10 prisoners to load the dead and dying onto a truck.
*2990 Medecins Sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4859.
*2991 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 199, IHRLI Doc. No. 56960-56964, at 56964. One subject stated that a relative of his had a house near this area and from his window on one occasion he could see a truck unload many dead bodies into a deep pit and cover them with seven to eight metres of soil. The relative added that a few days later, trucks came again and loaded animal corpses into the pit and added another layer of soil. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 192, IHRLI Doc. No. 56931-56934. Subject reported that he learned from a Bosnian Serb that the bodies from a reported July 1992 massacre at the Keraterm camp, were taken to a mine at Tomasica, near Omarska, where the 20 prisoners who had loaded the bodies of the initial victims were also executed and all of the bodies were buried in a mass grave.
*2992 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56372. The subject reported that after an alleged mass killing on 19 July 1992, the bodies of the dead prisoners were taken to one of three mass graves in the areas of Tomasica, Omarska or Kurovo. The subject stated that Tomasica and Omarska had mines into which bodies were thrown and that the city dump at Kurovo was used for disposing bodies.
*2993 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-250, IHRLI Doc. No. 57145-57147. Subject reported that he learned from guards at the camp that dead prisoners were buried at the ore mine near Ljubija.
*2994 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56372. Subject reported that he was told that his friend's body was thrown into a mass grave in a cemetery in the Pasinac district of Prijedor, along with 16 others who were reportedly killed at the Keraterm camp on 30 July 1992.
*2995 Statement Submitted by the Croatian Information Centre, Code: luka1ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 11681-11683. A family who lived near the camp reported that there was a mass grave near the location called «Bajr», the former brickyard, in the immediate vicinity of the Keraterm camp.
*2996 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team (DDT), «Summary No. 24 of Atrocity Information, CFN 694», IHRLI Doc. No. 43281; United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, «Special Report on the Keraterm Camp, Annex B to JSIO 2841-19», 25 March 1994, CFN 694, IHRLI Doc. No. 63790. One subject reported that victims of an alleged execution were were dumped in an area identified as Lake Ribnjak (a fish farm), or down the mine at Ljubija.
*2997 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56372.
*2998 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) and Paragraph 1 of Security Council Resolution 780 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12332.
*2999 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 203, IHRLI Doc. No. 56979-56981.
*3000 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-80, IHRLI Doc. No. 56576-56578.
*3001 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9414-9415.
*3002 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-15, IHRLI Doc. No. 56369.
*3003 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731.
*3004 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348.
*3005 Id.
*3006 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-95, IHRLI Doc. No. 56622-56623, (subject reporting that the forces arrived on 26 May 1992 and consisted of one platoon of tanks and 30 infantry soldiers from the Zarko Zgonjanin Casern in Prijedor); Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12319; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959.
*3007 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-95, IHRLI Doc. No. 56622-56623.
*3008 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-95, IHRLI Doc. No. 56622-56623.
*3009 Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 179- 192.
*3010 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959.
*3011 Id., (reporting, however, that the detention-transit camp was set up in the town at least five weeks earlier).
*3012 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-95, IHRLI Doc. No. 56622- 56623, (reportedly soldiers set up two check points, one in the centre of Trnopolje and the other in Garavica (maps indicate a D. Garevici approximately four kilometres west of Trnopolje on the main Prijedor-Trnopolje road)).
*3013 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731.
*3014 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-10, IHRLI Doc. No. 56355-56361.
*3015 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3016 ITN News, BBC, «Omarska's White House», IHRLI Doc. No. 52995-53012 (interviewing Omarska administrator Nada Balban who says that Omarska and Trnopolje are both transit centres, not camps).
*3017 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9445.
*3018 There is some confusion about the date of the first ICRC visit to Trnopolje. Numerous accounts by former detainees report that the ICRC visited Trnopolje with the international journalists in early August. According to an ICRC report however, representatives from the organization first visited the camp on 27 August 1992. ICRC, «Former Yugoslavia: Places of Detention and Number of Detainees Visited by the ICRC», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64440.
*3019 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 108, IHRLI Doc. 56663-56666 (describing the camp as a tent city without guards, but under camp supervision).
*3020 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548 (reporting that the camp was «more or less an open area, without wire enclosures, only strategically placed guards kept the prisoners from escaping».); Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3021 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445 (reporting that while detainees were free to leave the compound, the guards would threaten to butcher anyone who was late in returning to the camp).
*3022 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445. Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 179-192 (reporting that conditions in the surrounding area were such that the detainees could only move at great risk for their lives).
*3023 Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in BiH, Draft Report (September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 262, (reporting that the camp is in and around a two story structure formerly used as a school); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-33, IHRLI Doc. No. 56424-56426 (describing the school and community buildings as being about 100 yards apart); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-10, IHRLI Doc. No. 56355-56361, (stating camp consisted of «all the school buildings, the school playgrounds, the culture centre, and the warehouse for construction materials»); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348, (describing the camp as consisting of the School Centre of Trnopolje, which was located in the centre of town near the railroad station and near a warehouse for construction material).
*3024 Medecins sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4843-4862; Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in BiH, Draft Report (September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 262.
*3025 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 118, IHRLI Doc. No. 56686-56688 (reporting that each tent housed 20 people).
*3026 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 108, IHRLI Doc. No. 56663-56666.
*3027 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II «April 1993», IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3028 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 145, IHRLI Doc. No. 56799-56756. This information shows evidence of a central control for all the camps.
*3029 US Committee for Refugees, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21619; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-10, IHRLI Doc. No. 56355- 56361 (reporting that, as of 11 July 1992, due to the increasing number of detainees, other buildings were annexed to the camp); Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights pursuant to Commission Resolution 1992/S/1/1 of 14 August 1992, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 179-192 (reporting that the camp incorporated a few small houses).
*3030 US Committee for Refugees, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21595.
*3031 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 165, IHRLI Doc. No. 56844-56849 (reporting that the offices were located in a cafe across from the camp on the road which ran north to Kozarac); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-110, IHRLI Doc. No. 56669-56674; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9279- 9445 (showing a hand-drawn plan of the camp showing offices of local Red Cross and guards across road from the camp); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731 (stating camp is reported as consisting of three buildings: a two-story school building, a one-story administration building, and an auditorium. All enclosed by barbed-wire fence).
*3032 Medecins sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4843 (reporting that the centre of the camp was surrounded by barbed wire); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-33, IHRLI Doc. No. 56424-56426 (stating, school and house of culture «each surrounded by a fence»).
*3033 Cf. US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 9, IHRLI Doc. No. 56349-56351 (reporting that after the first visit, on 4 August by the ICRC and international journalists that an order was issued to raise a 2.5 metre-high chain link fence around the original fence to increase security at the camp; that the installation was done by Serbian soldiers; and that when camp officials learned that the ICRC representatives would be returning, the fence was immediately taken down); see also US Department of State Declassified Materials 94-126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720 (reporting that the camp prisoners were ordered to tear down the fence).
*3034 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 10, IHRLI Doc. No. 56355-56361 (reporting that the day before the arrival of the news media the guards removed the barbed wire fence and installed a new sign at the entrance which read: «Receiving Centre-Trnopolje», and that as soon as the media left the sign would be removed and the fence would go back up).
*3035 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304.
*3036 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548.
*3037 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348.
*3038 While it is reported that some detainees slept under improvised coverings such as «lorry trailers» or home-made tents, other reports describe white tents erected in the compound. BH Testimonies-FNo.2, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 33322-33323; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3039 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3040 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 232, IHRLI Doc. No. 57086-57089 (reporting that the Muslim inhabitants of Kozarac were ordered to report to the town centre where the men were separated from the women and children).
*3041 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445 (reporting that following attacks on their homes, up to 9,000 or 10,000 people from all over the region came to the camp; sleeping in their cars, farm machinery).
*3042 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Nada Buric, «Former Detainees from Serbian Camps», Associated Press, 3 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 35539-35542 (reporting that one subject went to Trnopolje because she had heard people would be evacuated from there); The Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 181- 182; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3043 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12339.
*3044 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated 27 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57334 (reporting that women and children tended to be held three to five days until their numbers swelled to a few thousand, at which time the Bosnian Serbs then arranged to deport them, mostly to Travnik); Medecins sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4843-4862 (2,000 detainees at all times, up to 5,000-6,000 when women and children were gathered together before being trucked out of the war area); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, Doc. No. 56549-56551 (reporting that women and children were often sent to Croatia within a few days); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-145, IHRLI Doc. No. 56799-56803 (reporting that about 3,000 detainees remained at Trnopolje after 1,580 prisoners transferred to Karlovac, Croatia on 17 September); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445 (reporting that the «official policy» at Trnopolje was that men, children, the sick, boys under 16, and men over 65 could leave Trnopolje on organized convoys).
*3045 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 108, IHRLI Doc. No. 56663-56666, (subject detained at Trnopolje from early August until 6 September).
*3046 Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in BiH, Draft Report (September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 240 (1,800 on 31 August 1992); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209 (3,000-4,000 Muslim men, women, and children during June of 1992); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304 (about 5,000, of whom 300 were children, 3,000 women, and balance mainly old men); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428- 9445 (2,000-6,000 between 26 June and October; 1,600-2,000 on 26 June); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57918 (6,000 on 31 May 1,680 in early October); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-119, IHRLI Doc. No. 56686-56688 (3,000-4,000 between early and mid- August); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731 (3,000 on May 26--about 300 of whom from Prijedor, 2,700 from Kozarac and surrounding villages--and about 3,000 on 1 October mostly women and children); Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992 (more than 3,000 on 12-22 October 1992); US Department of State Declassified materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348 (4,000-5,000 between 23 May and 11 July 1992); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-33, IHRLI Doc. No. 56424-56426 (5,000 in July and the first half of August--subject detained from mid-July until end of August); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304 (reporting that the ICRC saw about 4,000 people on 11 August); see also Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304 (reporting that ICRC reported about 4,000 on 11 August 1992); Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889-39977 (3,500 between August 1 and 12, mostly older people women and children); Medecins sans Frontieres, «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4843-4862 (2,000 detainees at all times, up to 5,000-6,000 when women and children were gathered together before being trucked out of the war area).
*3047 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645 (estimates 7,000 to 8,000 detainees from the period of 20 August to 1 September 1992); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902 (about 10,000 people from the Kozarac area were sent to Trnopolje on 26 May and were quickly released to their own homes then re-interned at the camp later in smaller groups); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445 (estimating up to 9,000- 10,000 detainees; dates of detention unknown); Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39929-39930 (estimating that there were approximately 4,500 people in the central, fenced area of the camp, but saying that since the entire town was the camp, it held around 10,000 prisoners in total; detained from early June until late July): US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959 (estimating about 9,000 people in the camp in early June based on a calculation of the number of people in each area; detained from 25 May until 1 October).
*3048 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304.
*3049 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551; Witness testimony (source unknown), IHRLI Doc. No. 9146; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-9, IHRLI Doc. No. 56349-56351; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57198 (reporting that only a portion of the women and children could find room in the former school building); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-105, IHRLI Doc. No. 56655-56657 (reporting that women and children were housed in the gymnasium of the elementary school next to the camp); Cf., Witness Testimony (source unknown), IHRLI Doc. No. 9154 (reporting that men were held in the school, and as many as 600-700 women, children, and elderly men were held in the gymnasium.)
*3050 Source unknown ((Submission from the Bosnian government)), IHRLI Doc. No. 33322-33323; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3051 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304.
*3052 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563 (reporting that for the first three days the transferees where held outside the former school building); Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931- 39933 (reporting that they spent their first night in the school); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551 (reporting that new arrivals were housed in the library of the school).
*3053 US Department of State Declassified Material, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551, (reporting that women and children were often sent to Croatia within a few days).
*3054 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 145, IHRLI Doc. No. 56799-56803.
*3055 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9437 (reasoning that the guards were local Serbs who could identify the detainees for creation of the lists); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-73, IHRLI Doc. No. 56554-56555; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563 (reporting that each night Serb guards would come with a list and people would be taken away and never seen again); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561- 56563 (reporting that first on the list were all members of the TDF (Territorial Defence Force) and Muslims who had purchased weapons).
*3056 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 104, IHRLI Doc. No. 56653-56654.
*3057 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 196, IHRLI Doc. No. 56945-56948.
*3058 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; See also, Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3059 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731.
*3060 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720 (reporting that the prisoners photographed by the journalists were recent transfers from Omarska and Keraterm and were in much worse physical condition than other detainees at the camp); Roy Gutman, A Witness to Genocide, IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947; IHRLI-Linden Productions Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, «Dispatches: A Town Called Kozarac», IHRLI Doc. No. 52957-52988 (reporting that journalists visited Omarska and Trnopolje on 5 August 1992).
*3061 Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39971- 39975 (reporting that the names of everyone who spoke to journalists were recorded and that they were searched out at night to be killed); IHRLI-Linden Production Video Archives and Database, ITN BBC, «Omarska's White House», IHRLI Doc. No. 52995- 53012; ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part Two», 11 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-9, IHRLI Doc. No. 56349-56351; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720; Republic of BiH, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 34715-34716.
*3062 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959.
*3063 ICRC, «Former Yugoslavia: Places of Detention and Number of Detainees Visited by the ICRC», April 1994, IHRLI Doc. No. 64437-64442, at 64440. Former detainees put the date somewhat earlier in August.
*3064 ITN News, BBC, «Omarska's White House», no date, IHRLI Doc. No. 52995-53012, at 52996.
*3065 Thomson CSCE Commission to the Detention Centres in BiH, Draft Report (September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 264.
*3066 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720.
*3067 Ethnic Cleansing (Tilman Zulch ed.), IHRLI Doc. No. 14484.
*3068 US Committee for Refugees, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21615.
*3069 Id.
*3070 Thomson CSCE Committee to the Detention Camps in BiH, Draft Report (September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 263 (reporting that the camp was undoubtedly «a disaster ready to happen»); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Hercegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3071 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645.
*3072 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-52, IHRLI Doc. No. 56490-56491.
*3073 «Victims of War», translation of a 3-part documentary, IHRLI Tape No. 123.
*3074 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3075 «Victims of War», translation of a 3-part documentary, IHRLI Tape No. 123.
*3076 Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043 (reporting that the camp commander wore a JNA major's uniform).
*3077 Roy Gutman, A Witness to Genocide (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-230, IHRLI Doc. No. 57078-57081 (reporting that Kuruzovic was a reserve Captain in the JNA and that he had been a professional soldier before becoming a reservist); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-73, IHRLI Doc. No. 56554-56555; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-52, IHRLI Doc. No. 56490-56491; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 36, IHRLI Doc. No. 56435-56439; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548; Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 34715-34716 (referring to commander as Colonel Slobodan Kuruzovic); Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57198; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-33, IHRLI Doc. No. 56424-56426 (reporting that Kuruzovic was a Bosnian Serb Army officer); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731 (reporting that Kuruzovic was a Bosnian Serb Irregular Cetnik--as defined by the subject, Cetnik is a Serbian Nationalist and probably former Communist).
*3078 Roy Gutman, A Witness to Genocide (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947.
*3079 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-36, IHRLI Doc. No. 56435-56439.
*3080 Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in Bosnia- Hercegovina, Draft Report (September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 263 (reporting that after the camp commander left, the unsupervised guards harassed and mistreated the detainees with no apparent provocation); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 119, IHRLI Doc. No. 56686-56688.
*3081 Roy Gutman, A Witness to Genocide (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947.
*3082 US Committee for Refugees, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21616.
*3083 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9440 (reporting that usually 50 guards during a given shift); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-33, IHRLI Doc. No. 56424-56426 (reporting that about 20 on each of four shifts); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728- 56731 (reporting that there were approximately 50 guards and that no more than 10 were available at any time).
*3084 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209.
*3085 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548 (reporting that the camp was «more or less an open area, without wire enclosures, only strategically placed guards kept the prisoners from escaping.»); Amnesty International, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights (October 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3086 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548.
*3087 Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 181-182.
*3088 Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in BiH, Draft Report (September 1992), IHRLI Doc. No. 263 (reporting that after the camp commander left, the unsupervised guards often harassed and mistreated the detainees with no apparent provocation); Roy Gutman, A Witness to Genocide (1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947.
*3089 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9440.
*3090 Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889- 39977.
*3091 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3092 Stephen Engelberg, «Bosnians Provide Accounts of Abuse», New York Times, 4 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40042.
*3093 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731.
*3094 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771, (1992) (11 February 1993); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-165, IHRLI Doc. No. 56844-56849; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-10, IHRLI Doc. No. 56355-56361; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731; Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-36, IHRLI Doc. No. 56435-56439; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902 (identifying guard from Keraterm by nickname); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 104, IHRLI Doc. No. 56653-56654.
*3095 Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39929-39930 (reporting that they were not Bosnian Serbs because they talked in ekavian dialect).
*3096 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9437 (reasoning that the guards were local Serbs who could identify the detainees for creation of the lists); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-10, IHRLI Doc. No. 56355-56361.
*3097 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548.
*3098 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445 (identifying a first class captain with the unit).
*3099 Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing, Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39929-39930.
*3100 Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043.
*3101 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731 (3,000 on May 26--about 300 of whom from Prijedor, 2,700 from Kozarac and surrounding villages-- and about 3,000 on October 1, mostly women and children).
*3102 Helsinki Watch, War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Volume II (April 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3103 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Security Council Resolution 771, 1992 (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12309.
*3104 US Committee for Refugees, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21619; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-10, IHRLI Doc. No. 56355- 56361; Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia, submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights pursuant to Commission Resolution 1992/S/1/1 of 14 August 1992, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 179-192. Reporting that at Trnopolje, more than 3,000 people were living cramped into three buildings and a few small houses.
*3105 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc No. 56346-56348; see also US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959 (reporting that in mid-June and early August, many of the Muslim villagers whose homes were in and around Trnopolje were forced into camp).
*3106 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 230, IHRLI Doc. No. 57078-57081.
*3107 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated 27 December 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57394-95.
*3108 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 166, IHRLI Doc. No. 56844-56849.
*3109 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12312.
*3110 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563.
*3111 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12314.
*3112 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209.
*3113 US Committee for Refugees, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21595.
*3114 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 196, IHRLI Doc. No. 56945-56948.
*3115 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12315-12317.
*3116 United States Mission, Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council, U.N. Doc. S/2539 (10 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18363.
*3117 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902.
*3118 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12317.
*3119 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 105, IHRLI Doc. No. 56655-56657.
*3120 Austrian Mission, Submission of Information Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992) (11 February 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 12319.
*3121 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959.
*3122 Id., (reporting, however, that the detention-transit camp was set up in the town at least five weeks earlier).
*3123 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 192, IHRLI Doc. No. 56931-56934; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548 (reporting that all the men from town of Biscani were brought to Trnopolje after being turned away from Omarska because it was full).
*3124 Croatian Information Centre, Witness Statement jad15ea, IHRLI Doc. No. 39235A-39236A.
*3125 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 104, IHRLI Doc. No. 56653-56654.
*3126 United States Mission, Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council U.N. Doc. S/25393 (10 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18359-18386.
*3127 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551.
*3128 Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-39933.
*3129 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-12943.
*3130 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 166, IHRLI Doc. No. 56844-56849.
*3131 United States Mission, Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council U.N. Doc. S/25393 (10 March 1993), IHRLI Doc. No. 18363.
*3132 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21595; see also: US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-108, IHRLI Doc. No. 56663-56666, (reporting that those who were very old, very young or injured were evacuated to Trnopolje).
*3133 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 231, IHRLI Doc. No. 57082-57085, (reporting that four females and 140 male prisoners were retained at Omarska to clean the facility).
*3134 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 228, IHRLI Doc. No. 57072-57074.
*3135 IHRLI-Linden Production Video Archive and Database, ITN News, BBC, «Omarska's White House», IHRLI Doc. No. 52995- 53012.
*3136 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of Witness (CFN 405), IHRLI Doc. No. 18285; United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of Witness (CFN 059), IHRLI Doc. No. 40063-40120.
*3137 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 139, IHRLI Doc. No. 56769-56771.
*3138 Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), 11 February 1993, 12341; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563.
*3139 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931- 39933.
*3140 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563, (reporting that these papers were used to call men from the group, who were beaten and shot).
*3141 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 145, IHRLI Doc. No. 56799-56803; «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-39933.
*3142 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563.
*3143 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57334.
*3144 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720, (report that prisoners transferred from Keraterm on August 3, were not fed for the first 4 days); Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445, (reporting that people brought from Kozarac on May 27, were not fed for five days).
*3145 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720.
*3146 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563.
*3147 Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), 11 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12339; «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», Medecins sans Frontieres Report, 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4843-4862.
*3148 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3149 ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part Two», November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154; «Victims of War», translation of a 3-part documentary, IHRLI Tape No. 123.
*3150 «Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia», submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992.
*3151 ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part Two», November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154.
*3152 Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Commission to the Detention Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 264.
*3153 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21621; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-230, IHRLI Doc. No. 57078-57081, (reporting that between 27 July and 18 August, the only meal normally served was lunch, which consisted of some thin soup and nothing else); Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428- 9445, (transferee reporting that prisoners received the same amount of food as at Omarska); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57198; U.N. Economic and Social Council, Economic Commission for Europe, Commission on Human Rights, 21 January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 20862- 20867, (reporting that detainees were surviving on minimum rations of bread); Stephen Engelberg, «Bosnians Provide Accounts of Abuse», The New York Times, August 4, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40042, (subject claims that food was limited to one piece of bread every other day; subjects dates of detention at Trnopolje are not reported); see however: «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889- 39977, (reporting that there was more food than at Omarska).
*3154 Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 228; Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21621, (some of the townspeople of Trnopolje would leave food); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, «Bosnia- Hercegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights», October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203, (reporting that detainees «had to depend on what relatives brought them, on what they could buy in the town (or from the authorities in the camp), or on food provided by the ICRC»); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563, (reporting that the subject was given no food during her two days at the camp, but that some of the women in her group had brought food with them and apparently shared with the others); Stephen Engelberg, «Bosnians Provide Accounts of Abuse», The New York Times, August 4, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40042; Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Croatia», The New York Times, August 7, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043, (reporting that local Serbs working at the camp helped the detainees obtain food).
*3155 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445, (to obtain food from the local Red Cross, detainees would pay a day in advance for bread and milk); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-105, IHRLI Doc. No. 56655-56657, (reporting that on July 24, the Serbian Red Cross visited and sold food; two loaves of bread cost 1200 Bosnian Dinars); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209, (reporting that during June 1992, children were fed only one piece of bread each day, but that guards could be bribed with German Marks for purchase of food); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563, (reporting that one of the prisoners in his group paid a Serbian guard 1,000DM for a bag of flour, and that the bread made from it lasted one day).
*3156 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3157 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931- 39933, (subject, a minor, reports that he was transferred to Trnopolje on August 1, and that for the first several days his group were given no food).
*3158 US Department of State Declassified Material, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551.
*3159 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889-39977, (reporting that women were allowed to go home escorted by Cetniks and prepare meals); Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 16, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720, (reporting that detainees from the village of Kozarac were occasionally given permission to go home and get food from their gardens); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-33, IHRLI Doc. No. 56424-56426; Amnesty International, «Bosnia-Hercegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights», October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50198- 50203; Stephen Engelberg, «Clearer Picture of Bosnia Camps», The New York Times, August 16, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40044-40046; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-149, IHRLI Doc. No. 56724-56727, (reporting that women were allowed to leave the camp to get food).
*3160 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 108, IHRLI Doc. No. 56663-56666, (reporting that although dangerous, many prisoners went out and looked for potatoes and other vegetables in the fields; those caught were shot); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546-56548; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551, (reporting that if they ventured out to what the guards considered too far they were shot without warning); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563, (reports that Serb snipers shot at the people saying that they had gone further than was permitted or that they were caught stealing).
*3161 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304.
*3162 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720.
*3163 Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), 11 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12341; «Victims of War», 3-part documentary, IHRLI Tape No. 123.
*3164 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 230, IHRLI Doc. No. 57078-57081; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720, (reporting that this food was taken away when the representatives left about 30 minutes later).
*3165 Tilman Zulch ed., «Ethnic Cleansing», Society for Threatened Peoples, IHRLI Doc. No. 14484.
*3166 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21615.
*3167 Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Commission to the Detention Centres in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 265; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304, (reporting that at the beginning prisoners could receive visits, but that these were suspended in early October).
*3168 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21595.
*3169 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720.
*3170 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889-39977; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-70, IHRLI Doc. No. 56546- 56548; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209.
*3171 Tilman Zulch ed., «Ethnic Cleansing», Society for Threatened Peoples«, IHRLI Doc. No. 14483; Stephen Engelberg, »Bosnians Provide Accounts of Abuse«, The New York Times, August 4, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40042, (reporting that the detainees were allowed only a few drops of dirty water a day from a pump out front).
*3172 «Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia», submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, E/CN.4/1992/S/1/10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 179-192.
*3173 Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Commission to the Detention Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 263.
*3174 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 105, IHRLI Doc. No. 56655-56657, (reporting that the well was approximately 100 metres from the school); Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council, March 10, 1993, S- 25393, IHRLI Doc. No. 18374-18375, (reporting that the well was about 50 metres from the prison gates).
*3175 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3176 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 105, IHRLI Doc. No. 56655-56657.
*3177 The clinic was reportedly staffed by interned Muslim doctors. See however, Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Commission to the Detention Centres in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 265, (reporting that the clinic was staffed by two medical students).
*3178 Therefore, as reported by the Special Rapporteur, «(t)here were diabetics without insulin, heart patients without digitalis, and persons suffering from hypertension without medication.» «Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia», submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, E-CN.4-1992-S-1-10, IHRLI Doc. No. 181-182; see also: Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428- 9445.
*3179 Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 264; Stephen Engelberg, «Clearer Picture of Bosnia Camps», The New York Times, August 16, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40044-40046.
*3180 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959, (subject was a Muslim who was detained at Trnopolje camp).
*3181 «Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia», submitted by Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights, E-CN.4-1992-S-1-10, 27 October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 181-182; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304, (reporting that hygiene appeared to be totally inadequate,particularly in relation to the number of detainees); Amnesty International, «Bosnia-Hercegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights, October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50198- 50203; Tilman Zulch ed., »Ethnic Cleansing«, Society for Threatened Peoples, IHRLI Doc. No. 14484, (reporting that up to 5 children died daily from diarrhea).
*3182 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304, (where subject reportedly transferred to house arrest at a «Muslim House» in Banja Luka).
*3183 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209.
*3184 «Testimonies on Killing of Civilians», September 1992, Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Republic of Slovenia, IHRLI Doc. No. 47815.
*3185 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21595.
*3186 ITN News, BBC, «Omarska's While House, IHRLI Doc. No. 52995-53012, (reports that doctor gave the film to BBC journalist Penny Marshall, who smuggled it out of the camp); Nightline, »Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors«, Part II, November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154, (the doctor and patient are named in the report).
*3187 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959.
*3188 Id.
*3189 Roy Gutman, «Death Camps», A Witness to Genocide, Zagreb, Croatia, August 2, 1992, (reporting that the men were all under 18 or over 60; they were completely exhausted and very thin).
*3190 Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), 11 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12340.
*3191 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304, (reporting that hygiene appeared to be totally inadequate, particularly in relation to the number of detainees); «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889-39930, (reporting that in the central camp area there was one outdoor toilet).
*3192 Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Commission to the Detention Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 263-264.
*3193 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445, (observed by Helsinki Watch observers).
*3194 Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), 11 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12341-12344.
*3195 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348, (reporting that the room was in the schoolhouse); Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445, (reporting that the room was in the community centre building, and that several people were beaten to death there).
*3196 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3197 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-73, IHRLI Doc. No. 56554-56555.
*3198 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 563436-56348.
*3199 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9248-9445, (reporting that women were not heavily abused, just slapped).
*3200 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931- 39933.
*3201 Republic of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 34715-34716
*3202 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, «Bosnia Herzegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights», October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203.
*3203 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3204 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902.
*3205 «Testimonies on Killing of Civilians», September 1992, Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Republic of Slovenia, IHRLI Doc. No. 47814.
*3206 Tilman Zulch ed., «Ethnic Cleansing», Society for Threatened Peoples, IHRLI Doc. No. 14475-14476.
*3207 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-12943, (reporting that women and very young girls would be taken away to a separate room and repeatedly raped for up to 6 hours); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959; Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9248- 9445, (reporting that women were raped by guards, police officers and military personnel); «Victims of War», Documentary translation, IHRLI Tape No. 123.
*3208 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21615, (subject says every night women were taken and raped); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. no. 56346-56348, (reporting that young girls raped every night); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11388-11401, (reporting that throughout the three months of the subjects detention about 500 girls were raped); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-12943, (subject, had been previously held in a camp in Jajce reported that the raping at Trnopolje did not happen as regularly as at the previous camp--dates of subject's detention at Trnopolje are not recorded); An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304, (reporting that young girls were sometimes picked out and sexually abused); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551, (reporting that many women were gang raped or beaten); Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», The New York Times, August 7, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043, (reporting that there was a mass rape incident but that it was not repeated); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 149, IHRLI Doc. No. 56724-56727, (subject who was detained during June and July, reporting that camp guards routinely took young women away, and that it was common knowledge that they had been raped); Bill Schiller, «Bosnians Recall Horror of Rape», Toronto Star, 4 January 1993, p. A1, (subject claims was raped every night for at least 20 nights in July); Stephen Engelberg, «Clearer Picture of Bosnia Camps», The New York Times, 16 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40044-40046, (reporting that on at least one evening, drunken Serbian soldiers came into the women's detention hall and picked young women to be raped).
*3209 Tilman Zulch ed., «Ethnic Cleansing», Society for Threatened Peoples, IHRLI Doc. No. 14475-14476; Roy Gutman, «Muslims Relate Atrocities», Newsweek, July 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 7551; Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», The New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-12943.
*3210 Bill Schiller, «Bosnians Recall Horror of Rape», Toronto Star, 4 January 1993, p. A1.
*3211 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348.
*3212 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-149, IHRLI Doc. No. 56724-56727.
*3213 Tilman Zulch ed., «Ethnic Cleansing», Society for Threatened Peoples, IHRLI Doc. No. 14475-14476; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11388-11401, (reporting girls claiming to have been raped by Serbs from Serbia); Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», The New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043, (reporting that a mass rape was perpetrated by a group of drunk men identifying themselves as Serbs from Serbia and Montenegro, calling themselves Cetniks).
*3214 Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council, March 10, 1993, S-25393, IHRLI Doc. No. 18374- 18375; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-36, IHRLI Doc. No. 56435-56439.
*3215 «Victims of War», Documentary translation, IHRLI Tape No. 123.
*3216 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902.
*3217 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-36, IHRLI Doc. No. 56435-56439.
*3218 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445; Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council, March 10, 1993, S-25393, IHRLI Doc. No. 18359-18386, (reporting that women were taken to a house across the meadow out of site of the roadway); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959; Tilman Zulch ed., «Ethnic Cleansing», Society for Threatened Peoples, IHRLI Doc. No. 14475, (subject reporting that he saw 20 girls taken by Serbs toward the direction of Kozarac; half came back, while those who resisted were killed); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959, (reporting that women from the camp were taken to a vacant house in the village and raped).
*3219 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-12943, (women were taken to a separate room); An official source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11388-11401, (women were raped in the office building next to where the subject was being held).
*3220 Witness Interview by Marion Weigel, Source unknown, IHRLI Doc. No. 39266A-39267A (subject and daughter were held for 21 days at Trnopolje).
*3221 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889-39977; Stephen Engelberg, «Clearer Picture of Bosnia Camps», The New York Times, 16 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40044-40046, (reporting that male detainees claim to have heard screams of women being raped one night); Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043, (subject reports having heard women crying out, screaming, and begging one night in mid-June); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563; «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-39933,(reporting that during early August girls were taken into a room and probably raped; subject heard screams from that room).
*3222 Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council, March 10, 1993, S-25393, IHRLI Doc. No. 18374- 18375.
*3223 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 149, IHRLI Doc. No. 56724-56727, (subject reports the names of the perpetrators).
*3224 Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043.
*3225 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-12943.
*3226 «Testimonies on Killing of Civilians», September 1992, Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Republic of Slovenia, IHRLI Doc. No. 47814.
*3227 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21615.
*3228 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959, (reporting that several weeks after their rapes, seven women denounced to Major Kuruzovic some of the Serb soldiers who had raped them, that the women were sent to a neuropsychiatrist and then sent to Travnik by train); Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043.
*3229 Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees from Camps», New York Times, 7 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043.
*3230 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902.
*3231 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959; «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors», Part II, Nightline, 11 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154.
*3232 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 11388-11401.
*3233 IHRLI-Linden Productions Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, «Dispatches: A Town Called Kozarac», IHRLI Doc. No. 52957-52988; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57198; Tilman Zulch ed., «Ethnic Cleansing», Society for Threatened Peoples,IHRLI Doc. No. 14422- 14502, (subject reporting having seen rape of a 12 year old girl); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563, (reporting that the soldiers would choose the most attractive young girls; those between 10 and 14 years old were taken).
*3234 Draft Report of the Thomson CSCE Mission to the Detention Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, September 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 227; IHRLI-Linden Productions Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, «Dispatches: A Town Called Kozarac», IHRLI Doc. No. 52957-52988; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-230, IHRLI Doc. No. 57078-57081); Canadian Submission from Permanent Representative of Canada to the U.N., S-2539, 10 March 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 18319-18358, (reporting that there had been numerous accounts of torture, ill-treatment and deliberate and arbitrary killings of inmates); «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», Medecins sans Frontieres Report, 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4843-4862; Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445, (reporting that prisoners were not beaten in public, and that abuses at Trnopolje were more random and less bestial than at Omarska, Keraterm, and Manjaca); Stephen Engelberg, «Bosnians Provide Accounts of Abuse», New York Times, 4 August 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40042, (subject reporting having seen one person killed in a beating by about 15 Serbs; subjects dates of detention are not reported).
*3235 Roy Gutman, «A Witness to Genocide», Lisa Drew Books, Macmillan Publishing, IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947, (reporting that during subject's detention from June through September, that on occasion, guards would seize 5 or more prisoners who would never return); Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors», Part II, 11 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154 (reporting that there were about 200 men killed, and that beatings were constant); «Ethnic Cleansing in the Kozarac Region», Medecins sans Frontieres Report, 7 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 4843-4862, (reporting that 170 people were killed); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-101, IHRLI Doc. No. 56643-56645, (subject reporting that there were no known atrocities at Trnopolje between 20 August to 1 September 1992); Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428- 9445, (subject reporting that approximately 250 people disappeared during his 50 days at the camp--dates of detention not recorded); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57198, (reporting that 500 prisoners killed or died as a result of beatings or torture); Sixth Submission by the United States for the U.N. Security Council, 10 March 1993, S-25393, IHRLI Doc. No. 18359-18386 (reporting that between 50 and 60 prisoners died each day); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551, (reporting that between 10 and 15 prisoners were called out by name every 10 or 15 days and killed outside); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902, (reporting that a named guard was observed to beat prisoners with a baton); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-149, IHRLI Doc. No. 56724-56727, (subject detained at Trnopolje in June and July).
*3236 Witness Statement, Bosnian Government submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 33322-33323, (subject detained at Trnopolje during August 1992 stated that the detainees at Trnopolje were not beaten as at Keraterm and Omarska, however they were forced to graze the grass); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-195, Doc. No. 56941-56944, (transferee reporting that while there were minor beatings and robberies at Trnopolje, it was nothing like before at Keraterm).
*3237 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21615.
*3238 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445.
*3239 Id., (Helsinki Watch reports being denied access to this room).
*3240 ITN News, BBC, «Omarska's While House, IHRLI Doc. No. 52995-53012, (reports that doctor gave the film to BBC journalist Penny Marshall, who smuggled it out of the camp); Nightline, »Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors«, Part II, 11 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154, (the doctor and patient are named in the report).
*3241 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-73, IHRLI Doc. No. 56554-56555, (reporting that groups of Bosnian Serbs would frequently arrive at the camp, with or without lists, and take selected prisoners out of the camp and into the fields, that these men were never heard of again, and that the subject suggests that they may have been the victims of personal vendettas); Roy Gutman, «A Witness to Genocide», Lisa Drew Books, Macmillan, IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947, (Serb acquaintances would come and call for a prisoner, take him out and kill him); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-230, IHRLI Doc. No. 57078-57081, (reporting that one soldier returning from the battle of Gradacac stopped at the camp, singled out a 70 year old prisoner apparently known to him, demanded his money then beat and stabbed the man to death with a knife).
*3242 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 129, IHRLI Doc. No. 56728-56731 (reporting that a named prisoner was beaten by a named guard on two occasions because he allegedly shot several Serbs before being taken prisoner; prisoner subsequently died).
*3243 Id. (reporting that the husband and son of a Serb woman were taken by guards to a nearby lake and never returned, and were presumed to have been killed).
*3244 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445; An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. 12932-12943; «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39889- 39977.
*3245 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561-56563 (reporting that first on the list were all members of the TDF (Territorial Defence Force) and Muslims who had purchased weapons).
*3246 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197- 57198.
*3247 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 21595, (reporting that drunken Serb soldiers coming from the front were the biggest problem);«Testimonies of Killings of Civilians», September 1992, Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Republic of Slovenia, IHRLI Doc. No. 47814, (reporting that locals in uniform would come to the camp and take away people to kill and that none of the «majors» (Army officers) would stop them);
*3248 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902;
*3249 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 182, IHRLI Doc. No. 56899-56902;
*3250 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-73, IHRLI Doc. No. 56554-56555;
*3251 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57198;
*3252 «Testimonies on Killing of Civilians», Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Republic of Slovenia, IHRLI Doc. No. 47814, (reporting that subject believed the woman was shot by mistake during a simulation of defensive military action for Banja Luka TV); Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia- Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445, (reporting that the woman was hit by a round fired indiscriminately during an argument between guards).
*3253 «Testimonies on Killing of Civilians», Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Republic of Slovenia, IHRLI Doc. No. 47814, (reporting that subject heard that Banja Luka TV was making a news report, and a Serb defence of an attack on the camp by Muslim Green Berets was simulated);
*3254 IHRLI-Linden Productions Video Archive and Database, Scene Breakdown, «Dispatches: A Town Called Kozarac», IHRLI Doc. No. 52957-52988; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-56348, (reportedly all of the people buried had been beaten to death and many appeared to have been tortured); Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9248-9445; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-76, IHRLI Doc. No. 56561- 56563, (reporting that on one occasion young Muslims were forced to bury the bodies of a group of incoming prisoners who were shot because there was no room for them in the camp, and that the young Muslims were told that they too would be shot if they told anyone).
*3255 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 266, IHRLI Doc. No. 57197-57198;
*3256 Roy Gutman, «A Witness to Genocide», Lisa Drew Books, Macmillan Publishing, IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947;
*3257 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9248-9445,
*3258 «Testimonies on Killing of Civilians», Council of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Republic of Slovenia, IHRLI Doc. No. 47814, (reporting that subject believed the woman was shot by mistake during a simulation of defensive military action for Banja Luka TV); see however, Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», Vol. II, April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445, (reporting that the woman was hit by a round fired indiscriminately during an argument between guards).
*3259 Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council, March 10, 1993, S-25393, IHRLI Doc. No. 18363;
*3260 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-8, IHRLI Doc. No. 56346-546348;
*3261 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-56959.
*3262 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57334; Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», April 18, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445. According to one former detainee, the «official policy» at Trnopolje was that men, children, the sick and boys under 16 and men over 65 could leave Trnopolje on organized convoys.
*3263 Stephen Engelberg, «Refugees From Camps», The New York Times, August 7, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 40043;
*3264 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 105, IHRLI Doc. No. 56655-56657, (reporting that the trucks stopped 10 km outside of Travnik so the women and children had to finish the journey on foot);
*3265 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 230, IHRLI Doc. No. 57078-57081;
*3266 ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part Two, November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154;
*3267 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-97, IHRLI Doc. No. 56629-56631;
*3268 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 270, IHRLI Doc. No. 57207-57209;
*3269 Helsinki Watch, «War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina», April 13, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 9428-9445;
*3270 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21601;
*3271 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720;
*3272 Croatian Information Centre, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing», IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-39933;
*3273 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 231, IHRLI Doc. No. 57082-57085;
*3274 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, «Bosnia-Hercegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights», October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203;
*3275 Roy Gutman, «A Witness to Genocide», Lisa Drew Books, Macmillan Publishing, IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947;
*3276 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 145, IHRLI Doc. No. 56799-56803; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-165, IHRLI Doc. No. 56844-56849, (reporting that about 3,000 prisoners remained at the camp after this);
*3277 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 108, IHRLI Doc. No. 56663-56666;
*3278 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, «Bosnia-Hercegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights», October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203;
*3279 Bill Frelick, «Voices from the Whirlwind», April-May 1993, US Committee for Refugees, IHRLI Doc. No. 21617;
*3280 Submission of Information by Austria Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), 11 February 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 12341;
*3281 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 126, IHRLI Doc. No. 56717-56720, (subject reporting having heard that thousands of Muslims and Croats were shot and thrown over the Vlasic waterfall in the area north of Travnik).
*3282 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 139, IHRLI Doc. No. 56769-56771;
*3283 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 3300-3304; Amnesty International, «Bosnia-Hercegovina: Gross Abuses of Basic Human Rights», October 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 50198-50203;
*3284 Sixth Submission by the United States to the U.N. Security Council, March 10, 1993, S-25393, IHRLI Doc. No. 18374- 18375;
*3285 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-12943.
*3286 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423, (subject, a Muslim male, claims to be an eyewitness to the events of the massacre); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551, (subject claims that he was in the convoy, but that he was not on the buses, he reports that the incident happened at the end of July, however the account is consistent with other descriptions of the incident).
*3287 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 196, IHRLI Doc. No. 56945-56948, (reporting that the group consisted of 250 men and about 10 women); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-179, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891; The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.57395; (reporting that when the buses arrived at the camp that there was a big clamor to get on board. The camp commander Slobodan Kurzovic (sic) made room on one of the buses for the subject and his father).
*3288 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 103, IHRLI Doc. No. 56649-56652, (reporting that 10 buses and 8 trucks with trailers were brought to Omarska and prisoners were loaded on, the convoy went first to Trnopolje and then to Kozarac); The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to a letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57395, (reporting that during a brief stop at a gas station in Kozarac, three additional buses and seven trucks filled with men, women and children from Prijedor joined the convoy); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423, (reporting that the buses from Trnopolje were joined by two other buses and 6 trailer trucks);
*3289 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to a letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57395.
*3290 ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part Two», November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154; The NSC Sub- Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57396;
*3291 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423,
*3292 Roy Gutman, «A Witness to Genocide», Lisa Drew Books, Macmillan Publishing, IHRLI Doc. No. 24941-24947, (reporting that more than 200 Trnopolje camp inmates shot); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423, (reporting that all the men in the convoy were removed, approximately 250); The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57396, (reporting that 250-300 male prisoners were selected); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551, (reporting that 200 men were ordered onto the buses); Bosnian Government submission, IHRLI Doc. No. 33322- 33323;
*3293 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 196, IHRLI Doc. No. 56945-56948; The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57396; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, IHRLI Doc. No. 56549-56551; Bosnian Government submission, Victim Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 33322-33323;
*3294 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-71, 56549-56551, (subject reporting that there was not enough room for all the men on the buses and that he was one of three men were told to board a truck full of women and children, thereby escaping the massacre); ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part Two», November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147- 32154, (one subject reporting that women, children and old men and the sick were ordered to get out of his bus and to get into one of the trucks, and that he was able to sneak onto a truck).
*3295 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57396;
*3296 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 196, IHRLI Doc. No. 56945-56948, (reporting that buses drove forward about 200 metres); US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423, (reporting that the buses travelled about 2 km further and then stopped); The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57396, (reporting that the convoy drove for about 15 minutes before the buses separated from it);
*3297 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423, (ravine 20 metres deep); The NSC Sub- Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57396, (ravine 50 metres deep);
*3298 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 196, IHRLI 56945-56948; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423; The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57396;
*3299 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 57397;
*3300 ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors», November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154;
*3301 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423;
*3302 The NSC Sub-Group on War Crimes Evidence, attached to letter dated December 27, 1993; IHRLI Doc. No. 57396;US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-196, IHRLI Doc. No. 56945-56948; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423,
*3303 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-31, IHRLI Doc. No. 56420-56423;
*3304 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 179, IHRLI Doc. No. 56889-56891;
*3305 ABC Nightline, «Bosnia: The Hidden Horrors, Part Two», November 11, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 32147-32154;
*3306 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74.
*3307 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74.
*3308 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74.
*3309 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74.
*3310 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74.
*3311 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74; United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 877, 18 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43287.
*3312 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74.
*3313 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 201, IHRLI Doc. No. 56971-74.
*3314 «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99; Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs, Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-165, 94-166, IHRLI Doc. No. 056844-852; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 232, IHRLI Doc. No. 57086-89; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-233, IHRLI Doc. No. 57090-92.
*3315 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 166, IHRLI Doc. No. 05844-852.
*3316 «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99. Another report estimates 2,000 persons were detained at «Kevljani, Brezicani» as of November 19, 1992. (It is not clear why the prisoner totals from these two locations are combined because based on the available map and location information, Kevljani is approximately 12 kms east of the town of Prijedor.) Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs,Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96.
*3317 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 166, IHRLI Doc. No. 56851.
*3318 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 166, IHRLI Doc. No. 56851.
*3319 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-232 Doc. No. 57086-89.
*3320 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 166, IHRLI Doc. No. 56851.
*3321 Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs,Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96.
*3322 «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99.
*3323 Witness Statement included in «Report» from Women's Group «Tresnjevka», September 28, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39297A- 311A; Witness Statements, submitted by the Republic of Bosnia- Herzegovina Government Office, IHRLI Doc. No. 31933-37. For more testimony by the same witness, see also «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39929-30; and Roy Gutman, «Death Camps» in A Witness to Genocide, IHRLI Doc. No. 24896-902.
*3324 Witness Statement from «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39929-30. The subject, from Kozarac, relates that after the attack on his town, the residents were tricked when the Red Cross emblem was displayed and they heard announced over a megaphone: «Surrender, the Red Cross is waiting for you, you will be protected.» The men and women were separated and loaded into 21 waiting buses. Some of the buses drove straight through the woods toward Trnopolje, the others went to Ciglane.
*3325 Witness Statement included in «Report» from Women's Group «Tresnjevka», September 28, 1992 IHRLI Doc. No. 39297A-311A
*3326 Witness Statements, submitted by the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina Government Office, IHRLI Doc. No. 31933-37.
*3327 Witness Statements, submitted by the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina Government Office, IHRLI Doc. No. 31933-37; «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39929-30.
*3328 Witness Statement included in «Report» from Women's Group «Tresnjevka», September 28, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39297A- 311A
*3329 Witness Statement included in «Report» from Women's Group «Tresnjevka», September 28, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39297A- 311A
*3330 Witness Statements, submitted by the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina Government Office, IHRLI Doc. No. 31933-37. Although the account does not give details about this incident the subject claims it happened the day after he was brought to Ciglane; he reports that after the attack on Kozarac on May 27, 1992, he was arrested and held at Ciglane for two days.
*3331 Witness Statement included in «Report» from Women's Group «Tresnjevka», September 28, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39297A- 311A.
*3332 Witness Statement V from «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39929-30.
*3333 Witness Statement included in «Report» from Women's Group «Tresnjevka», September 28, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 39297A- 311A
*3334 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 776, 27 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43277. This source gives an incomplete map coordinate which locates the reported camp in the Kozarac area.
*3335 The report identifies the camp location as «Jajce, Prijedor.» There is no listing for a town of that name in Prijedor according to available maps, however Jajce is a county in BiH located southeast of Banja Luka.
*3336 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-34.
*3337 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-34.
*3338 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-34.
*3339 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-34.
*3340 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-34.
*3341 An official UN source, IHRLI Doc. No. 12932-34.
*3342 «List of Concentration and Detention Camps», B-H Bulletin No. 1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99.
*3343 «List of Concentration and Detention Camps», B-H Bulletin No. 1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99.
*3344 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 174, 31 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 43302-43303. The subject reports that «the Omarska concentration camp took in 4 separate camps in the area: Keramika, Trnopolje, Omarska, and Mrakovica.»
*3345 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 174, 31 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 43302-43303.
*3346 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 731, 22 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43274.
*3347 «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99. Another report estimates 2,000 persons were detained at «Kevljani, Brezicani» as of November 19, 1992. (It is not clear why the prisoner totals from these two locations are combined because based on the available map and location information, Kevljani is approximately 12 kms east of the town of Prijedor.) Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs,Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96.
*3348 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 197, IHRLI Doc. No. 56949-50.
*3349 «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99.
*3350 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 894, 21 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43289; «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99; Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs,Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96.
*3351 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 894, 21 May 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43289;
*3352 «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99; Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs, Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, 19 November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96, (reporting that 2,300 persons were held in «Ljubija mine, Sivac, Senkovac, the Majdan camp» as of November 19, 1992.)
*3353 US Department of State, Declassified Materials, March 5, 1993, 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804-09; Witness Statement VI, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia, IHRLI Doc. No. 039931-33.
*3354 US Department of State, Declassified Materials, March 5, 1993, 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804-09; Witness Statement VI, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia, IHRLI Doc. No. 039931-33.
*3355 Witness Statement VI, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-33.
*3356 US Department of State, Declassified Materials, March 5, 1993, 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804-09.
*3357 US Department of State, Declassified Materials, March 5, 1993, 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804-09.
*3358 Subject states that the mine was located just west of the main road through Ljubija, south of the town, between an area marked as Ljubija Rudnik and a small lake. The prisoners were removed from the bus in groups of three and were forced to carry the corpses to an area out of sight of the subject. Automatic gun fire was heard and the groups of prisoners did not return to the bus. The subject assumed that the prisoners were being executed. The subject was able to escape during the confusion created when one of the prisoners struggled with a guard. He believes that he is the only survivor of the original group of 117 Muslims held at the Miska Glava cafe (see Miska Glava account.)
*3359 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931- 33. The subject reports that the «guards» at the stadium were Serbs from neighbouring villages of Donji Volar, Miska Glava and Tukovi. He identifies some of the guards. All reportedly were formerly civilians.
*3360 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931- 33.
*3361 The remaining 70 POWs were taken by bus to a mine for execution. The men were removed two by two and shot. The prisoners in the bus rioted, only one is reported to have escaped. (See previous account, paragraph ***, for more information on this mass killing.)
*3362 «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931- 33.
*3363 «List of Concentration Camps and Prisons», in Concentration and Detention Camps, B-H Bulletin 1 10-92, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-4099.
*3364 Witness Statement VI, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-33; US Department of State, Declassified Materials, 5 March 1993, 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804-09.
*3365 «Directory of Places in Yugoslavia», Sluzbeni List (official newspaper of SFRY), Belgrade, 1973.
*3366 Witness Statement VI, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-33. Subject describes the events of his capture: On 21 July 1992, when his hometown of Biscani was attacked by Serbs the subject escaped to the woods where he joined a group of about 270 people; they had 10 or 12 guns between them. The group then joined Capt. Asim MUHIC in the Kurevo woods (location unknown). After two days at this location the group was scattered by an attack by Serb paramilitaries. After the attack, subject and others were reportedly on their way to Cazin. The subject and 113 others were caught in the town of Miska Glava. According to the subject, his Serb captors were intending to kill the group but an officer ordered that the prisoners be brought to the hall in Miska Glava.
*3367 Witness Statement VI, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-33.
*3368 Witness Statement VI, «Genocide: Ethnic Cleansing in Northwestern Bosnia», Croatian Information Centre, Zagreb, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 39931-33.
*3369 US Department of State, Declassified Materials, March 5, 1993, 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804-09. Subject, a resident of Rizvanovici later escaped a mass killing at a mining area (see Ljubija Sports Stadium). He believes that he was the only surviving prisoner from a group of 117.
*3370 The subject believes that the ten men, called «volunteers» by their captors, were killed by the Bosnian Serb soldiers. He also believes that they were selected because they were residents of high standing or were relatively wealthy. He says that the victims were either known to some of their captors, who were from the local area, or that this information about them was obtained during the interrogations.
*3371 US Department of State, Declassified Materials, March 5, 1993, 94-146, IHRLI Doc. No. 56804-56809. The subject believes that the three perpetrators were either doctors or other medical persons because they wore white medical smocks and had their own medical instruments. It is reported that all three had worked at the «Doktor Mladen Stojanovic» hospital in Prijedor. This hospital was reportedly the main hospital for Prijedor and was located in the Urije district of the city. The names of two of the perpetrators are listed in the report at IHRLI Doc. No. 56807.
*3372 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 678, 1 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43259.
*3373 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 678, 1 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43259.
*3374 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 678, 1 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43259.
*3375 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 175, 31 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 43302; Women's Group «Tresnjevka» A List of Rape-Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, IHRLI Doc. No. 25311-15.
*3376 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 175, 31 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 43302.
*3377 Women's Group «Tresnjevka» A List of Rape-Death Camps in Bosnia-Hercegovina, IHRLI Doc. No. 25311-15.
*3378 US Seventh Submission, April 12, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11912; United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 6781 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43259-60; US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94-198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-59.
*3379 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 198, IHRLI Doc. No. 56955-59.
*3380 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 6781 April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 43259-60.
*3381 US Seventh Submission, April 12, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11912.
*3382 British Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 059, IHRLI Doc. No. 40063-120.
*3383 British Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CRN 059, IHRLI Doc. No. 40063-120.
*3384 Submission to IHRLI from Mediya (individual) containing statements by two detainees, IHRLI Doc. No. 29425-38.
*3385 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 059, IHRLI Doc. No. 40063-120. For complete interview see United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Special Debrief of CFN 059 9 September 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 40063-40087.
*3386 US Department of State Declassified Material, March 8, 1993, 94-228, IHRLI Doc. No. 57072-074.
*3387 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 206, IHRLI Doc. No. 57001-04. It is assumed that the appellations «Prijedor Police Station» and the «Serbian Police Headquarters in Prijedor» both refer to the main police station in Prijedor.
*3388 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 206, IHRLI Doc. No. 57001-04.
*3389 US Seventh Submission, April 12, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 11912.
*3390 US Department of State Declassified Materials, 94- 149, IHRLI Doc. No. 56724-27.
*3391 «List of Concentration Camps» from Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulletin No.1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99.
*3392 Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs,Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96.
*3393 Second Submission of the Government of Canada pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), S/26016, 30 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29771-91. Victims of the torture are identified in the report by initial.
*3394 Second Submission of the Government of Canada pursuant to Security Council Resolution 771 (1992), S/26016, 30 June 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29771-91.
*3395 United Kingdom Defence Debriefing Team, Debrief of CFN 235, 14 December 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 43306.
*3396 «List of Concentration Camps and Prisons,» in Concentration and Detention Camps, B-H Bulletin 1 10/92, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-4099.
*3397 «List of Concentration Camps and Prisons,» in Concentration and Detention Camps, B-H Bulletin 1 10/92, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-4099. A search of available maps does not identify Majdan as a town or mine in the county of Prijedor.
*3398 «List of Concentration Camps and Prisons,» B-H Bulletin No. 1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99.
*3399 «Directory of Places in Yugoslavia,» Sluzbeni List (official newspaper of SFRY), Belgrade, 1973.
*3400 «List of Concentration Camps and Prisons,» B-H Bulletin No. 1, November 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 3041-99.
*3401 Confidential Note from Anne-Marie Thalman, Humanitarian Affairs Officer Civil Affairs,Zagreb to Georg Mautner-Markhof, Chief, Special Procedures Section, Centre for Human Rights, Geneva, November 19, 1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 49183-96.
*3402 Women's Group «Tresnjevka,» Witness Statement, IHRLI Doc. No. 25311-25315.
*3403 Author and source unknown, submitted by Women Living Under Muslim (sic), under title of «Compilation of Information on Crimes of War Against Women in ex-Yugoslavia.» IHRLI Doc. No. 6833. It may be that the location of this camp has been erroneously ascribed to Prijedor; the relevent events in the story happened in the county of Foca, in south-eastern BiH.
*3404 Author and source unknown, submitted by Women Living Under Muslim (sic), under title of «Compilation of Information on Crimes of War Against Women in ex-Yugoslavia.» IHRLI Doc. No. 6833.
*3405 Author and source unknown, submitted by Women Living Under Muslim (sic), under title of «Compilation of Information on Crimes of War Against Women in ex-Yugoslavia.» IHRLI Doc. No. 6833.
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